Operating System (Assignment)

1. In a multiprogramming and time sharing environment, several users share the system simultaneously. This situation can results in heterogeneous security problems. a. What are the two such problems? autonomic nervous system The two problems in Multiprogramming and time sharing environment are Stealing or copy a users files Writing over another programs (belonging to another user or to the OS) area in memory Using system resources (CPU, disk space) without proper bill Causing the printer to mix output by sending data while some other users file is printing. ttp//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_main_two_problems_in_multiprogramming_environment_when_processes_are_run_concurrently_and_share_the_resources b. Can we ensure the same period of security in a time shared machine as in a dedicated machine? Explain. Ans No, because time-shared machines are far less(prenominal) secure, and are very easy to overload the buffers. Also they are much slower to catch a virus. http//wiki. answers . com/Q/Can_we_ensure_the_same_security_in_a_time-shared_machine_as_in_a_dedicated_machine . The issue of resource utilization shows up in differenct forms in different types of operating systems. List what resources must be manged carefully in the following settings a. Mainframe or Minicomputer systems Ans Memory, CPU, Storage b. Workstations connected to servers Ans Storage, Net use Bandwidth c. Handheld computers Ans Memory, CPU, Storage, Power 3. Describe the difference symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. What are three advantages and atomic number 53 disadvantages of multiprocessor system? AnsThe difference amongst symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing is that in Symmetric processing treats whole processors as equals I/O can be processed on each of them, while Asymmetric processing designates one CPU as the master, which is the only one capable of performing I/O the master distributes computational work among the other CPUs. Advantagesmultiprocessor system ?Can sa ve money, by sharing power supplies, housings, and peripherals ? Can execute programs more quickly ?Can have increased dependableness Disadvantagesmultiprocessor system More complex in both hardware and software. Additional CPU cycles are required to manage the cooperation, so per-CPU efficiency goes down. http//www. studymode. com/essays/Os-Assignment-419243. html 4. state between the client server and peer to peer models of distributed systems. Ans A client-server model can be defined as a centralized environment, where all users, objects, resources, and so on are administered in a centralized location and can, if configured, use any network resources on any workstation on the domain. while a Peer-to-peer model can be defined as a decentralized environment, where the user must be assigned permissions on each workstation in order to access any available resources. 5. What is the purpose of interrupts? What are the difference between a trap and an interrupt? Can traps be generate d intentionally by a user program? If so, for what purpose? Ans The difference between Interrupt and Trap is that Interrupt is a hardware-generated signal that changes the flow within the system. While a trap is a software-generated interrupt. 6.Define the essential properties of the following types of operating systems. a. Batch Jobs with similar needs are batched together and run through the computer as a group, by an operator or automatic job sequencer. Performance is increased by attempting to keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times through buffering, off-line operation, spooling, and multiprogramming. b. Interactive Composed of many short transactions with input and output read/written on the screen the results and time of the next transaction may be unpredictable. Note that a urely interactive system (no time-sharing) only has one user e. g. , a PC). c. Time-sharing Uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to provide economical interactive use of a system. The CPU switches rapidly from one user to another. d. Real-time The system must respond to inputs/commands within a fixed amount of time to ensure correct performance. Input is typically read from sensors. e. NetworkConsists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.The computers on a network may be linked through cables, shout out lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. f. ParallelMore than one event happening at a time. It is usually contrasted with serial, meaning only one event happening at a time. g. Distributed Divides computation up among several computers. The computers do not share memory or a clock they progress with each other over communication lines (e. g. , high-speed bus, telephone line). h. Clustered i. HandheldA handheld computer is a computer that can hands down be stored in a pocket (of sufficient size) and used while youre holding it.