Human Nature In Lord Of The Flies Essay - 1552 Words

William Golding is heavily influenced by his service to the royal navy and the events of World War One. â€Å"Human beings are savage by its nature, and are moved by urges toward brutality and dominance over others†. This is a recurring issue in William Golding’s, Lord Of The Flies. Not only where characters demonstrate elements of human nature beyond civilized human beings as they were struggling in a society with no rules nor civilization, but also as the novel is Golding’s attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature. The world is an evil place within which living without fear would be a dream come true. The fear inside the boys had a major negative impact on the dramatic change of human nature†¦show more content†¦Actions like the painted faces which symbolizes savagery, as the author mentioned, â€Å"The mask was a thing on its own behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness.† (4.69). Init ially, the paint’s motive was to camouflage himself from the pigs, but later he felt that the paint sanctioned him to hide the evil and dark thoughts in his mind, in which his visages would otherwise betray. In addition of the paint, he lost his fear of killing living organisms, so he started enjoying killing and it did not take a long time for the boys to notice that Jack is more powerful and a better overall leader. Due to his influential position as a chief, many of the young boys joined his tribe, and he gained encouragement to commit murder and thievery, as it said, â€Å"This role is no game for him, though; by the night of simon’s death, Jack has clearly gone power, mad, sitting at the pig roast on a large log † painted and garlanded†¦ like an idol (9.149)†¦ chattered in his ear like an ape†(9.150). This shows that the consequences of vile acts of human nature can have an earnest and fatal result towards society where there are no possible ways to stop those consequences. At the same time, Ralph’s fear of being isolated on the island was rapidly developed especially when his negative personality started to emerge. However, Ralph was introduced as a kind boy whose respectful characterShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Human Nature Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesAlexis Wilson Ms.Tantlinger Honors English 10 2 January 2018 Final Essay Human nature is altered when there are no consequences. In the novel Lord of the Flies there are young boys stranded on an island, In order to survive the true characteristics of man come out. Some characters appear to be born angelic however some are naturally born evil. When a young boy named Roger murders a boy and rapes a pig there are no consequences. Rogers lack of remorse is then exacerbated when tossing a pebbleRead MoreHuman Nature In Lord Of The Flies Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesHuman nature is the â€Å"general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind†. Between the Book, Lord of the flies and The Crucible, human nature is strongly portrayed through similar characters such as Simon and Mary Warren, Satan/Devil and the Beast, and Jack and Abigail. Simon and Mary Warren both share their wise and kind traits and being bringers of truth, while Satan/Devil and the Beast share the characteristic of exotic and the unknown, both a re also able to bringRead MoreLord of the Flies (Human Nature Essay)869 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Nature in Lord of the Flies In the novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding is able to use his outstanding writing abilities utilizing metaphors, symbolism, and other literary devices to establish a hidden message throughout the novel. The hidden message that Golding builds on is that there is a natural evil inside every human being, which is suppressed in an organized society through laws, rules, and punishment. The young boys in the novel are on an island all by themselves. There is noRead More Lord of the Flies and Human Nature Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesLord of the Flies and Human Nature Throughout Lord of the Flies, Golding shows his views of the inherent evil of humans. He shows how humans can be in such a savage state, practically mimicking the way of life of their prehistoric ancestors. He exemplifies this with acts of carnage carried on by the young stranded children. It all started with a slight urge to hunt down a pig and then continued on to murdering another human being. Golding shows his views best at the end of the book with the boysRead MoreHuman Nature In Lord Of The Flies Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages Human nature is often described as the distinguishing of characteristics, including ways of thinking, feeling, and acting, which humans tend to have naturally. William Golding’s book. â€Å"Lord of the flies† is an excellent novel that describes how humans, when put in a rough environment, react to power they are given. The title of the book â€Å"Lord of the Flies† refers to the Boars head idol that was surrounded by flies was later created by the boy. The title also represents the fall of the boy’sRead MoreEssay on How Lord of the Flies Related to Aspects of Human Nature1397 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Goldings novel Lord of the Flies not only provides a profound insight into human nature but also does so in a way that is remarkable for its use of shock and horror. Golding presents aspects of human nature as themes in the book. It alerts us to our potential to descend from order to chaos, good to evil, civilization to savagery. They are explored through how innate evil can be brought out in certain situations, the dangers in not addressing our own fears and the battle between civilizationRead MoreHuman Nature in William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay531 Words   |  3 Pagesdefects of human nature. The moral is that the shape of a society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectable.† With this quote, William Golding simply justifies the theme and moral presented in his novel, Lord of the Flies. The characters portray a modern society and depict the cruelty of human disposition. The political system in the U.S., as a whole, is a prime example of the ignorance towards ethical nature and is definitelyRead More Human Nature in Lord of the Flies by William Go lding Essay3078 Words   |  13 PagesLord of the Flies is an extraordinarily well-written novel that teaches one how to live life. When asked about the philosophy of the book, the author, William Golding, replied, The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature. The moral is that the shape of a society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectful. This completely exemplifies the theme of the novel. Lord ofRead MoreEssay on Human Nature in William Golding ´s Lord of the Flies686 Words   |  3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, a 20th century novel written by William Golding, countless issues are portrayed; however the essential nature of humankind is, perhaps, the most recurring. From the moment we meet the boys after they land on the island, it is obvious that this fundamental issue will play out through the entire length of the novel, and, as it progresses, the deeper Golding will delve into mankind’s true nature. Shown through the loss of innocence, social skills, and order, the nature of humankindRead MoreLord of the Flies: World War IIs Impact Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies: World War II’s Impact Lord of the Flies by William Golding was influenced strongly by his experiences as a naval officer during World War II. Golding’s wartime service gave him a darker and more realistic look on life, and contributed to the novel’s imagery. As Golding described, World War II woke him up from his falsified beliefs about human nature by showing him the true human condition (â€Å"Lord of the Flies,† Novels 175). Lord of the Flies, as Golding explained, is â€Å"an attempt

Personal Values And Moral Values - 998 Words

Personal Values and Moral Integrity Values and morals are incredibly important concepts that shape the way that people live. Personally, I believe that values are a system of absolutes that an individual strives to measure up to. Whereas, morals are standards that one has that they consider to be acceptable. As a Christian morals and values are very important to me because I do my best to live up to the standards that are shown throughout. Jesus was not only sent so that we may have eternal life, but also to be the perfect example of how we are supposed to live our lives. This is clearly shown in the Bible when Jesus says, â€Å"I am the light of the world† (John 8:12 NIV). This verse demonstrates that God sent his only Son to lead a life of perfection so that all will have a light and a standard to follow. The Bible has been very influential, but other factors have also shaped my moral beliefs. There are many teachings and events throughout my life that have helped to shape my values. The biggest contributor to my personal values would be the teachings that my parents have instilled in me throughout my early life. My parents have always been very conservative and believe that it is crucial to have high moral standards for yourself and others. They instilled characteristics such as: integrity, honesty, loyalty, and being a hard worker. I am often complimented on my character and my work ethic and I contribute this mostly to my parents because they are the ones that I haveShow MoreRelatedPersonal Values And Moral Values Essay874 Words   |  4 Pages Without moral values, how would we live our lives by a standard? Moral values help you choose between right and wrong. It is what you use to determine your personality and characteristics. You use them to judge a person on what is right and wrong. Moral values help you live your life making the correct decisions. They are very important in your everyday life. If you use them, people will look at you a s a person with good ethics. If you have moral values in every aspect of your life, some peopleRead MorePersonal Morals, Ethics, And Values868 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Morals, Ethics, and Values My own set of moral beliefs have been established over the years through the interactions I have had with family members, friends, and institutions such as schools, church, and work. I grew up in a very large family. My Mom was one of nineteen children, I am the oldest of six. There are at least 100 close family members between aunts, uncles, cousins, second-cousins who all grew up with in the same small coal-mining town of Plymouth, Pa. My set of moral valuesRead MorePersonal Statement On Values And Morals927 Words   |  4 PagesValues and morals are an integral part of life; values define who we are on a personal and professional level. My personal and professional values are similar but are used differently on a personal and professional level. In this code of ethics I have identified my core values as respect, honesty, loyalty, integrity, professionalism, and responsibility. Developing a code of ethics has provided me with an opportunity to reflect on my values and evalu ate how I turn those values into action. PersonalRead MoreMoral Compass And Personal Values1760 Words   |  8 PagesMoral Compass Essay Moral compass decides personal values and directs conscience toward understanding and practice of the Good and the Right. It is the thing that is embedded in us, directing us to make decisions that involve right and wrong (Thompson, 2017).    Personal Integrity The dictionary defines social conscience as â€Å"an attitude of sensitivity toward and sense of responsibility regarding injustice and problems in society†. And according to Killinger (2010), â€Å"integrity isRead MorePersonal Values Of Morals, And Legal Issues Of Bullying1203 Words   |  5 Pagescontent. Give them something useful, and eventually a group will use it for harm. In Jess Zimmerman’s Twitter argument, she contends that twitter take some caution to monitor the hate speech it allows to be published. This article deals with personal values of morals, and legal issues of bullying being tolerated. Society must choose it’s battles to fight, and if not through Twitter, people will always find a way to persecute others. Twitter police are not going to end the evil’s of society, nor wouldRead MorePersonal Code Of Ethics And System Of Moral Values1063 Words   |  5 Pagesshowing him how it is to be a leader. Integrity is expected of all h ealth professionals in the work place. A leader demonstrates integrity by being consistently truthful, honest, and reliable. A nurse leader adheres to both a personal code of ethics and system of moral values. A leader has a positive attitude that helps to motivate others to join in the purpose. Leaders have initiative and take the first step to make it happen. Leaders have lots of energy and enthusiasm which enables them to get thingsRead MoreProfessional Responsibility Of Coaches And Athletic Personnel792 Words   |  4 PagesCoaches and athletic personnel are examples of ethical behavior in their personal and professional lives. They must have a clear perspective for their role and responsibility toward the organization, the team, and the athlete. Therefore, it is important to give consideration to the relationship between personal and professional responsibility; and also to whether there are limitations to loyalty to the organization or team. Personal and Professional Responsibility Many argue that what one believesRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics And How Ethics Produce Effective Leaders1240 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper analyzes the importance of personal ethics in leadership and how ethics produce effective leaders. The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing a plan of action for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. These key aspects suggest personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership. With so many definitions ofRead MorePersonal Ethics974 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal ethics What personal, cultural, and spiritual values contribute to your worldview and philosophy of nursing? How do these values shape or influence your nursing practice? Ethics and values form the basis of nursing. Nurses provide nursing care by preventing illness, reducing suffering and promoting restoration of health in individuals, families, societies and communities. Nursing involves technical skills and abilities, duty and service to others with compassion and efficient decision-makingRead MoreA Review Of Moral Competence Leadership1683 Words   |  7 PagesA REVIEW OF MORAL COMPETENCE LEADERSHIP Introduction: Moral competence does not have a unique definition. However, in simple words moral competence is an ability that judges the thing is correct or wrong. Mental capacity, universal human principles golden rule, altruism and measured against are connected to moral competence. In following part, definitions and relatedness will be mentioned. 1. Mental capacity: Mental capacity refers to decisions made by patients, which have a moral and legal status

Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution free essay sample

Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution Senior Concierge Services Kelly Spino Strayer University Dr. Robert Badowski Abstract Determine and discuss a pricing strategy (penetration or skimming). Determine and discuss pricing tactics (product line pricing, value pricing, differential pricing, or competing against private brands) to be used for your product. Identify any legal and ethical issues related to the pricing tactics. Prepare a marketing distribution channel analysis identifying the wholesaler, distributor, and retailer relationships. Discuss how the distribution strategy fits the product/service, target market, and overall marketing objectives for the company. As a service business, Senior Concierge Service will offer non medical care and maintenance for senior citizens and their families. This type of service business does not have many competitors, and pricing is consistent among the senior care industry. The pricing strategy for Senior Concierge Service will be to stay within the normal range for its services. Consumers will choose Senior Concierge Service over the competition not by cost, but by the quality of services offered. Price skimming is a pricing strategy in which a marketer sets a relatively high price for a product or service at first, and then the price is lowered over time. This is a version of price discrimination. Price skimming allows a business to recover its resources quickly before a competitor moves in and lowers their prices, lowering the market price. The objective of a price skimming strategy is to capture the consumer surplus. There are several potential problems with this strategy. It is effective only when a business is facing an inelastic demand curve (demand that is not very sensitive to a change in price). Skimming encourages the entry of competitors. Penetration pricing is a more suitable strategy in this case. This strategy is a pricing technique of setting a relatively low initial entry price, often lower than the market price, to attract new customers. This strategy works on the probability that customers will switch to the new business because of the lower price. Penetration pricing is most commonly associated with a marketing objective of increasing market hare or sales volume, rather than to make profit in the short term. This can take the competition by surprise, not giving them time to react. It can also create goodwill among the early customer segment. This can create more trade through word of mouth. Ethical thinking is responding to situations that deal with principles concerning human behavior in respect to the appropriateness and inappropriate ness of certain communication and to the decency and indecency of the intention and results of such actions (distinctions between right and wrong). Marketers are ethically responsible for what is marketed and the image that a product portrays. Marketers need to understand what good ethics are and how to incorporate good ethics in various marketing campaigns to better reach a targeted audience and to gain trust from customers. (Wikipedia. com) Unethical or controversial marketing strategies include: bait and switch, pyramid scheme, planned obsolescence, lock-in/ loyalty schemes, viral marketing, and, monopolies/oligopolies. In retail sales, a bait and switch is a form of fraud in which the party putting forth the fraud lures in customers by advertising a product or service at an unprofitably low price, and then reveals to potential customers that the advertised good is not available but that a substitute is. A pyramid scheme is a non-sustainable business model that involves the exchange of money primarily for enrolling other people into the scheme, without any product or service being delivered. Pyramid schemes are a form of fraud. The scheme collapses when no more people are willing to join the pyramid Planned obsolescence is the process of a product becoming obsolete or non-functional after a certain period or amount of use in a way that is planned or designed by the manufacturer. The purpose of planned obsolescence is to hide the real cost per use from the consumer, and charge a higher price than they would otherwise be willing to pay, or would be unwilling to spend all at once. For industries, planned obsolescence stimulates demand by encouraging purchasers to buy sooner if they still want a functioning product. In business, vendor lock-in or customer lock-in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products and services, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs. Lock-in costs which create barriers to market entry may result in antitrust action against a monopoly. Loyalty programs include frequent flier miles or points systems associated with credit card offers that can be used only with the original company, creating a perceived loss or cost when switching to a competitor. Most programs are able to get consumers to spend more money just to get to free or bonus item. Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks to produce increases in brand awareness. It can be word-of-mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the Internet. Monopolies and oligopolies often use anti-competitive practices, which can have a negative impact on the economy. This is why company mergers are often examined closely by government regulators to avoid reducing competition in an industry. Since this business caters to seniors and their families, it is especially important for Senior Concierge Services to represent quality, value and confidence in its services and staff. The success of this company depends on compassionate, trustworthy, conscientious, and ethical care givers providing non-medical in-home care. A different take on the loyalty program would allow customers to receive a discount after x amount of service visits or when prepaying for multiple services. A marketing distribution channel analysis is a means used to transfer merchandise from the manufacturer to the end user. An intermediary in the channel is called a middleman. Channels normally range from two-level channels without intermediaries to five-level channels with three intermediaries. Intermediaries in the channel of distribution are used to facilitate the delivery of the merchandise as well as to transfer title, payments, and information about the merchandise. Distribution describes all the logistics involved in delivering a companys products or services to the right place, at the right time, for the lowest cost. For many products and services, their manufacturers or providers use multiple channels of distribution. Well-chosen channels constitute a significant competitive advantage, while poorly conceived or chosen channels can doom even a superior product or service to failure in the market. Distribution channels may not be restricted to physical products alone. They may be just as important for moving a service from producer to consumer in certain sectors, since both direct and indirect channels may be used. There have also been some innovations in the distribution of services, such as an increase in franchising and in rental services. There has also been some indication hat service integration can benefit many providers. Senior Concierge Services will look to link with other service providers to create a mutually beneficial arrangement. Medical providers, beauticians, landscapers and general contractors would all be a good fit with the services offered. A distribution strategy defines how a business is going to create and satisfy demand for its products; how a business is going to move produ cts from point of creation to points of consumption, in a cost-effective manner; as well as defining how a business is going to manage its brand. Todays customers shop and buy very differently than ever before. Access to high-quality information, via the internet, combined with their heightened price sensitivity, has created customers that are more sophisticated, better informed and often times, more demanding than customers of the past. A distribution strategy must be in sync with how the customers of Senior Concierge Service want to shop for services. Franchising is an option worth considering. For a fee, a small business owner can take advantage of the marketing research completed at the corporate level.

My First Day in Laos free essay sample

After getting all of luggages, and get everything checked out, like our passport, and some other stuff I don’t remember. When walked out of the airport, the whole family was waiting for us to show up. After everybody gave each others hugs, they were deciding who was going to drive with who, then my cousin told everyone that he will just take me. After he told them that, we took off and my cousin threw me the car keys to his Honda. At first I thought it was for putting the bags into the trunk. When I was about to throw him the keys to the car, he told me what are you doing your driving he also said don’t tell the parents. At first when I got in the car I was nervous because that was my first time driving. When we left the airport we went to the family restaurant, because that is where everyone is headed. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Day in Laos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When we got to the restaurant the whole family was already there so when we got out of the car, we got caught by our other cousins. We told them not tell but there was a price to it we had to give them 20 dollars each. Sitting there for a couple of hours. My aunt who lives in Laos told everyone it time to go to work at the restaurant. Usually they open earlier but they had to go pick us up. After hearing her saying it time to go me and my cousin were the first to leave so, I can drive the car. At first in my mind that was the best part of the trip. But I knew there going to be more. When we got to the store me and my cousin had to put in the drinks in the fridge. When I asked if I could get a drink I asked, for a cup and he told me that they don’t put it in cups they use bags. When I thought about it at first I said that strange but when I saw it I thought it was pretty cool. As the time was about to hit twelve oclock my cousin told me that get ready all the kids from school is about to come cause its almost there lunch time. I told them to wake me up in about 10 minutes. They asked me why am I going to sleep I said because I’m still tired from the plane trip. . But before I know it I was already twelve oclock. I was disappointed because I couldn’t get a little nap in I wouldn’t have mind to get a least 5 minutes would be fine with me. Then when I looked over to the front the door I saw a whole bunch of school students coming this way, and I asked my cousin is it going to be like this everyday? he said this is not that much people. Me and my cousin were in charge of the drinks. The restaurant sold all kinds of Asian food. After hours of serving drinks. The rush hour was gone. I thought it was time to close up. Everyone looked at me like I was crazy or something. Then they told me that we still have dinner and it going to get even crazier because a lot of people order out. The time between lunch and dinner, I see people coming in and out. All I was doing was playing some games and chilling with my cousin. As I watched the people walk in and out I thought to myself is that we are lucky because some people in Laos live on the street and when it gets cold it feels like everything is frozen. After while somebody came and tapped me on my shoulder and said it time to go home and rest for tomorrow. I asked my cousin did I sleep threw the dinner rush and he said yeah you did.

Media Academic Theory

Introduction Media has been present in societies for decades due to its importance in entertainment, enlightenment and provision of information. Consequently, its presence has attracted studies on how it affects the society. Research has proven that media has fundamental effects on its’ audiences behaviors and thoughts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Academic Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theories in various fields such as psychology, media studies, sociology and communication are called media effects. Some critics suggest that the media delimits an individual’s ability to be autonomous by linking the world to an individual, and reproducing a society’s self-image. Media content that are meant for newsworthy events usually have enormous control on the society. Media content are initially written in scripts before being relayed as finished contents to the audience. There are di fferent theories that people use to interpret and write scripts. This paper examines the strong points as well as the limitations of analyzing media theories through academic concepts (Kirsh, 2009, p. 56). Writing a script for the media refers to the act of conveying ideas in a reader’s mind through the use of words. A scriptwriter writes the words on a page so that the words create sounds and images, which the reader can understand (Dyer, 1993, p. 99). Theories of understanding media focus on approaches, concepts, debates and research, which helps readers understand why media content is the way it is. To understand scriptwriting, it is essential to focus on the theoretical and practical aspects of scriptwriting. Theories of scriptwriting provide more depth to the scripts as it gives the writer an opportunity to think deeply about what they are writing. It also makes them aware of their intended audience. Therefore, they can be confident that they will effectively communicate their ideas. Theory also helps writers think through their scripts, emphasizing on the important parts of the story. This makes writers grasp their own themes and ideas. Discussion Despite the importance of the media, there are conflicts on its analysis, especially, the effects of has on individuals. Through technological advancements and cultural improvements, media has gradually changed in content and complexity. This has encouraged the advancement of diverse theories to help analyze its scripts. To understand the effects of media, it is important to understand the approaches to different theories. Interpreting film and media scripts cannot depend on one theory, as people perceive concepts differently. However, in order to form a uniform understanding of scripts, academic concepts become useful.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One major benefit of using academic concept is that they offer background information into the history of scripts. This background information provides knowledge to scripts writers and audience, which makes it easier for them to understand the present trends. Theoretical approaches to media are greatly related to the social and political economies, as well as various studies. The second advantage of using such academic approaches is that they emphasize media reception and consumption. An example of this approach is ethnography, which provides a universal understanding of how language and people operate. Language and people refer to semiotics and psychoanalysis respectively. Most media theories are centered on Marxism ideas. Karl Marx came up with a theory that explained how the society’s economic base and conditions determine its beliefs, ideas and thoughts (Marx, 2001, p. 81). Different media approaches emerge from this theory, especially those that focus on the society’s super structure, on the societyâ€℠¢s base, and those that focus on the relationship between the two. Marx focuses on economies because he believed that people with ownership of the production of the means of production controlled all of the society’s ideas. Another advantage of using academic concepts in understanding film script is that they help in connecting different arms of the society, providing a better understanding of the functionality of our society. They also help us understand the relationship between various societal institutions such as the social and economic institutions. This importance is emphasized by the political economy approach. This approach seeks to understand ways in which economic issues affect media production and consumptions. This makes people aware of the relationship between consumption and media production, thus, they are able prevent the effects of media consumption. They also make audiences understand that meaning to any concept is relative; the way people use and understand words differ in different social and cultural context. For example, Ricky Gervais use of the word â€Å"Mong†. In those days, the word described people suffering from Down ’s syndrome or was used to describe a retard. However, many teenagers used the word to mean a â€Å"stupid† or a â€Å"foolish† person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Academic Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media picked this word and used it to stir protest from people over its use. These approaches concentrate in studying social relations, especially those that include the production, consumption and distribution of media resources. In other words, the approach looks at meanings, and how audiences interpret texts. It is advisable to choose words and texts carefully because peoples’ interpretations of words differ. In order to relay information to an audience, a scriptwriter must convey t heir intended meaning and close any possibility of misinterpretations. The limitation associated with linking different societies comes when there is moral decadence due to the integration. By connecting people, the media helps them share copy cultures, which may be dangerous. People may imitate harmful behaviors from other cultures, or harmful lifestyles (Moores, 1993, p. 88). This concept also connects how technologies, structures, government policies, and commercial support shape the content, communication systems and media. Because of these, political theories approach usually considers the contexts of media institutions such owners of media houses and their locations. To achieve maximum benefit from media and films, one must take advantage of the available opportunities such as through government policies, technologies, structures and commercial support. Media house owners also benefit by understanding how to build their communication systems as well as prevent government sanct ions. To capture the problems associated with the modern capitalist societies, The Frankfurt School came up with new mass media conceptualizations. Mostly, their approach dealt with the technological advancements and its affects on cultures. It placed more emphasis on media consumption rather than its production. Technology was allowing people to copy original art pieces, therefore, making them more accessible than before. This reproduction influenced multiple interpretations, which in turn affected media production (Bell, 2001, p.111). Gradually, there has been an exponential increase in accessibility and media outlets. Another approach to media theories is the ethnographic approach, which explores lived cultures. Media ethnographers investigate the multiple manners that audiences receive texts. The ethnographers base their investigations on empirical approaches by gaining evident statistics and data about people’s behavior. The approach also investigates the complexities of audience responses, focusing more on cultural consumption, rather than the reception of media content.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The gratification theory on the other hand, directly deals with consumption of media content. The theory is interested in how media audiences satisfy their needs through the media. To answer the question, the theory defines what possible needs people would have, which the media would satisfy. Psychologists define a â€Å"need† as a basic requirement that an individual may need to survive. Needs are also classified into â€Å"higher† and â€Å"lower† needs. Safety and biological needs are the lower needs, upon which human life depends on. Higher needs, on the other hand, are socially and culturally constructed. An example of a need is the need to â€Å"belong†. Gratification theory investigates the most appropriate way to fulfill this need, such as through social interactions. However, it emphasizes on media’s contribution to the fulfillment of this need. Studies suggest that people need the media for a number of reasons especially in terms of perso nal identity, personal relationships, diversion and surveillance (Deacon et al., 1991, p. 155). The same studies argue that the media usually fulfill these needs through escapism, providing the audiences with opportunities to have opinions, and identification with characters. It is important to understand that people’s needs vary; therefore, media cannot fulfill the needs the same way. For example, people whose need is to experience beauty, pleasure, curiosity or emotive needs differ from those who seek identification and belonging. Finally, psychoanalysis approach to media seeks to understand human behavior. This approach is widely applicable regardless of economic environments or social contexts. This approach is based on Sigmund Freud’s theories, which scrutinizes the conscious and the unconscious part of human minds. The knowledge that a human mind is divided into â€Å"id†, â€Å"ego† and the â€Å"super ego†, which are each responsible for ce rtain responses and behaviors (Weinstein, 2001, p. 63). Using this concept, media critics investigates how human beings respond to the media, how it satisfies their needs, how they relate to the content and the possible impacts media has on people. Psychoanalysis also explains the process of identity formation. During the formation of healthy relationships between the id, ego and super ego, and individual forms an identity. However, when the media interferes with this development, an individual may form a dysfunctional identity. Additionally, whatever appeals to an individual’s ego, or id, may affect their relationship. Psychoanalysis also explains an individual’s memory, and how people recall issues. While it is healthy to let go of hidden and harmful feelings, most people use the media to hide their feelings. This becomes dangerous in the end, as they are unable to handle certain issues (Nà ¶th, 1997, p. 71). Media practice is largely comprised of different types of languages. The media language includes written, spoken and a system of complex codes that rely on their contexts. Semiotic approaches examine the functionality of these languages. Semiotic refers to a common science of systems of signs together with the role of these signs in constructing and reconstructing meaning. In media studies, semiotic concentrated on the connotation of a given text. However, semiotics refers to a broad meaning of texts. Language consists of signs, which audiences can interpret as they occur. Additionally, audiences can interpret these signs using Saussure’s theories, which aid in interpreting visual signs that are present in the media. This theory argues that signs consist of â€Å"signified† and â€Å"signifier†. The signifier refers to the spoken sound, image or page writing. Whenever audiences hear or see the signifier, it influences them to have a mental idea or image of what it may represent (the signified). On the other hand, a sy mbol or a photograph may act as a signifier in a visual cognition (Balnaves, Donald, Shoesmith, 2009, p. 67). Semiotic approaches center their arguments on the interaction between various signs in creating meaning. Relationships between signifiers are important as they influence the audience’s understanding of text meaning. For example, people understand the word â€Å"young† due to its relation to â€Å"old†, â€Å"peace† to â€Å"war, and â€Å"black† to â€Å"white†. To understand this concept clearly, one must distinguish between â€Å"denotative† and â€Å"connotative† meanings. Denotative meaning is the literal definition of a concept, while a connotative meaning is the description that is culturally defined. By this, it is easy for media critic to examine a cultural text by looking at it in the denotative and connotative perspective. For a long time, semiotics has been the most common method of qualitative textual anal ysis. In the contemporary analysis, â€Å"sound† is a major consideration. Many films use sound to derive emotions from audiences. For example, watching a horror movie like â€Å"Halloween† directed by John Carpenter, an audience realizes that the director uses different soundtracks to derive different reactions from them. Audiences can hear the sound of a chain saw. While some may interpret this literally, others would find it scary and relate it horrifying images even before seeing the images (Perse, 2001, p. 65). Conclusion Finally, the benefit of using academic concepts while interpreting media scripts is that it helps in understanding social conflict and concerns such as feminism. Media has become a dominant way of approaching such issues, and seeking their solutions. Feminism directly deals with power relations among men and women, which structures all societal life such as politics, family, leisure, welfare, culture and education. A general assumption among femi nists is that there is a social construction and maintenance of unequal relations amongst the sexes in societies. This has influenced the emergence of feminist theories, which seek equality between the two sexes. The media’s weakness in the feminist issue is how negatively it portrays women. The media has also influenced discussions concerning cyber cultures, masculinity and globalization, as contemporary issues. In response to this, feminists investigate gender identity and related issues such sex roles. The semiotics used in media to refer to females also matters under this discussion. Language and choice of words is a concern among media critics, who argue that in most cases, films portray females negatively by giving them questionable roles in films. As described above, there are several benefits of the media, especially when understood under the academic concepts. The approaches discussed include gratification, psychoanalysis, political, and ethnographic. The media provi des entertainment, enlightenment and information to its audiences. It also connects people through sharing of events and information. In respect to academic concepts, media helps people understand the wider society in relation to its institutions such as the political systems, economy, families, and education. However, the media has certain negative impacts especially on the culture and psychological makeup of the audience. Through the media, audiences learn certain things that may be harmful in their lives. Media highlights the negative things while audiences imitate. This is especially harmful for young people, who form harmful habits such as poor dietary sequence. It also influences an individual’s outlook towards life as well as their self concept. By believing what the media portrays to be right, people slowly start identifying with these things, hence changing their own identities. To examine the contemporary media landscape, it is paramount to combine several approache s because one approach would be inadequate in covering all issues. Despite this, globalization of the media encourages studies of new technologies, which help in understanding the relationships between issues. The combination of the above approaches becomes useful in explaining these issues. References Balnaves, M., Donald, S., Shoesmith, B., 2009, Media theories and approaches: a  global perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bell, D., 2001, An introduction to Cyberculture, London: Routledge. Deacon, D., et al., 1991, Researching communications: A practical Guide to methods in  media and cultural analysis. London: Arnold. Dyer, R., 1993, The matters of images: essays on representations. London: Routledge. Kirsh, J. S., 2009, Media and youth: a developmental perspective, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Marx, K., 2001, A contribution to the critique of political economy, Chicago: C.H Kerr. Moores, S., 1993, Interpreting audiences: the ethnography of media consumption, New Yor k: Sage. Nà ¶th, W., 1997, Semiotics of the media: state of the art, projects, and perspectives, Boston: Walter de Gruyter. Perse, M. E., 2001, Media effects and society, London: L. Erlbaum Associates. Weinstein, F., 2001, Freud, psychoanalysis, social theory: the unfulfilled promise. New York: SUNY Press. This essay on Media Academic Theory was written and submitted by user Miranda K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Civil Rights Period essay

buy custom Civil Rights Period essay The civil rights period mostly came up following the discrimination and slavery of the African Americans which started in the 18th century. During this period slavery was abolished and the fight to end segregation and prohibit discrimination increased. Civil rights are the non political rights that a citizen should enjoy freely for example right to life, liberty or education. The US Supreme court is the highest court with the overall jurisdiction mandate over all the state and federal courts in the United States. The period between 1955 and 1965 was when a lot of African Americans fought for their civil rights. It was also characterized by events carried out by both the judiciary and the legislative putting emphasis on the fair treatment of the black Americans In the history of civil rights movement, there were two most crucial landmark rulings by the United States Supreme Court that played a great role in bringing justice to the minorities ( in this case the black Americans) and also protecting their civil rights. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) In this ruling, the U.S Supreme Court agreed that all state laws that allowed the promotion of the doctrine of separate but equal were constitutional. Under this doctrine, there was racial segregation in private businesses and accommodations for both the blacks and whites particularly on the use of separate railroads. This segregation law was mostly applied in the state of Louisiana and even though it applied in the railroad cars, other facilities like the public schools toilets or cafes were also never equal. Those for white people were much better while those of the blacks were poorly maintained. The Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine remained in place until 1954 when it was overturned by yet another landmark ruling by the US Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) This is one of the most important rulings of all time made by the US Supreme Court. In this case, the Court overturned the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling on the separate and equal doctrine and declared that any state laws establishing separate public educational facilities for both the blacks and the whites as unequal and unconstitutional. Congress of Racial Equality (2011) notes that the Brown v. Board of Educationbrought to an end the federal racial segregation in the public schools and also provided the legal foudation of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. In addition, any case of racial segregation in all the states was ruled as a violation of the law for example in public transportation and government facilities. Other major changes that occurred during the civil rights period included: Establishment of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights This commission was established in 1957 by the first ever civil right law and it was to enforce voting rights for the minority groups. In order to strengthen this move, the Congress passed a bill that gave the blacks full registration and voting rights in 1965. This bill banned the use of all kind of tests that were previously used to prevent the blacks from voting lists for example, they considered the literacy levels. The Supreme Court also banned the poll taxes that were used to discriminate the blacks. 1968 affirmative action In 1968 the Supreme Court passed that the all minority groups should be compensated for any past discrimination in the work place and upheld that all employers were required to have a balanced work force composed of both the minorities and even women. In addition, the minorities were discriminated during hiring and promotion a move that left them economically vulnerable a move that continued to weaken the national economy. Therefore, through the affirmative action, the non whites would have equal chances for hire and promotion at their workplace. Law enforcement in a Due Process system The due process system of justice can be defined by the title itself; due process - to mean that people ought to get what is fair in other words there is need to maintain the vital and basic fairness rights of the citizens. According to Brandon (n.d) the due process model carefully puts into consideration all the facts of each single case and in addition requires that all the law enforcement agents to acknowledge the rights of the suspects during their arrest, questioning, and handling. Law enforcement under the due process model is not likely to be effective keeping in mind that the primary objective of this process is to protect the innocent citizens from being accused wrongly at the expense of the victims. In other words, people are viewed as innocent until proven guilty. While most judicial systems want to protect the victims from the any future harm by the offenders the due process model is slow and will follow the process till the end only to protect those that are said to be innocent so that they are not wrongly accused. Due Process System versus Crime Control System Under the crime control system the person is viewed as guilty until proven innocent and also its main aim is to suppress the criminal conduct in the society. Under this model, all means necessary should be used to eliminate criminal elements in the society. Most of these strategies used by law enforcement agents include video surveillance, undercover sting operations, frequent patrols and raids targeting all high crime areas in the society and wiretapping. In line with this model is the fact that it directly targets all criminals and criminal activities in a given society with less emphasizes on individual liberties. According to Cliffnotes.com (n.d), the police should be given more powers in order to make it easier for them to carry out investigations, arrest the suspect, carry out a search, seize, and convict them. On the other hand, the due process model puts more emphasis on the protection of individual rights and liberties. Anytime a person is charged with any kind of crime, it is required that their rights be protected by the justice system and should not be deprived their rights for example property or life. Under the due process, the role of police is to help maintain justice process within a society and their powers should primarily be limited to preventing any oppression of the individual or violation of their rights. Apart from their differences both the models propagate that if a person is found guilty of their crimes they should be punished according to the law. In addition, they both believe that any person has a right to a defense counsel who should act as an advocate within the justice system. The Crime control system is more essential in law enforcement in comparison to the due process. I am in the favor of the crime control system because it is fast and cases are easily dealt with unlike in due process that sometimes takes a long process. In addition, the crime control model works toward the repression of crime with an aim of maintaining law and order. It aims to create a crime free society and is thus the better choice, for law abiding citizens. The Due process model concentrates on protecting defendants' rights and is a very expensive process whereas crime control model concentrates on justifying the victims rights and is a bit cheaper. Buy custom Civil Rights Period essay

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Assignment

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance - Assignment Example The essay "Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance" concerns Lamentation's Scene for Jesus in the context of Renaissance. Several particular features give hint on the fact that this picture can be attributed to Northern Renaissance. The material and the type of canvas are among the most obvious. Oil on panel was commonly used by Northern artists as it permitted to preserve brightness of colors for a long time. The painting is very detailed and vivid with elaborated landscape. Apparently, the author underlines human`s side of Jesus Christ showing his tortured body and concentrating on the minor details of it. Ribs that got visible through skin because of starving, injuries that bleed, closed eyes of a dead man- there is no presence of God on this picture as the author tells us that Christ was suffering as much as we did. Despair, sympathy and sorrow can be read on the faces of Christ`s followers who came to him. Nothing on the picture suggests that C hrist will resurrect as he is portrayed as an ordinary human being who was suffering enormously. Massys does not concentrate nature in his painting, for him it is still the man and his suffering which matters the most but still the city o the background and the crosses thought-out ad realistic. Northern and Southern painting styles were different due to numerous reasons: they appeared in different geographical regions and were formed under the influence of different sources. Northern style was originated on the territory.