Russian revolution Papers Assignement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Russian revolution Papers Assignement - Essay Example Kaiser entitled, â€Å"The workers revolution in Russia, 1917†, the article â€Å"The rise and Fall of the soviet Union† by Laurie Stoff and the academic website, â€Å"Seventeen moments in Soviet History, primary and secondary sources covering 1917 through 1936†, the paper gives also greater insights into the advantages and disadvantages that came with the revolution. In the year 1917, the workers in Russia who were angry, hungry and tired of war carried out a revolution against the government of the then Tsar, Nicholas II 1. The revolution was fuelled by the antagonism of the lower class workers against the high class members of their society. Metalworkers involved in the revolution had radical perceptions in the struggle and called for the creation of a soviet power while the unskilled laborers in the country were fighting for better pays2. The revolution brought forth the birth of the communist state in the year 1922 that eventually collapsed in the early 199 0’s3. Before the formation of the communist state there were various other previous attempts to harmonize all the ethnic communities living within the country. The seizing of power after the revolution was done by the Bolsheviks. They empowered the poor and ethnic minorities with the power to rule the country along with the guaranteeing of greater women rights within their society4. The Bolsheviks also gave the people the opportunity to access universal education and self-improvement alternatives5. The ruling Bolsheviks have also been deemed responsible for the bloodiest crimes against the state that the world has witnessed6. Their crimes were committed through the imprisonments of their political rivals, nonconformist thinkers, the killing of many revolting people and the exiling of whole communities. In spite of all the bloody crimes that the Bolsheviks are responsible for instigating, their economic systems have been accredited with making the country the economic giant it currently is7. However, this was done at the expense of the citizens of the country who were greatly impoverished. The Bolsheviks had seized power from the Mensheviks who had gotten to power through their revolution in the month of February 1917 and created an interim government8. The seizing of power by the Bolsheviks took place in the month of October and was referred to as the Bolsheviks Revolution. The entry of the Bolsheviks into power saw the suppression of all politics along with beliefs that were not communist9. This is because the Bolsheviks claimed that they represented the voice of the workers in the country. In the years between 1917 to 1923, the country was involved in world war I and the Russian civilian war which pitted the Bolsheviks against the opposing white army along with foreign armies from France, the US and the UK (United Kingdom). The Bolsheviks won the civil war and rapidly established itself while spreading its policies throughout the rest of the country10 . The Bolsheviks fought under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin who passed away in the year 1924 only to be succeeded by Joseph Stalin who carried the leadership of the country to the 1950’s11. Previous reports indicate that the country had suffered from famine and a collapse of the economy during the Tsar’s regime in the World War I period12. The communist republic of Russia fought against the Polish Republic whose leader wanted

Summarry scent of apples Essay Example for Free

Summarry scent of apples Essay Job Method With Job production, the complete task is handled by a single worker or group of workers. Jobs can be small-scale/low technology as well as complex/high technology. Low technology jobs: here the organization of production is extremely simply, with the required skills and equipment easily obtainable. This method enables customers specific requirements to be included, often as the job progresses. Examples include: hairdressers; tailoring High technology jobs: high technology jobs involve much greater complexity and therefore present greater management challenge. The important ingredient in high-technology job production isproject management, or project control. The essential features of good project control for a job are: Clear definitions of objectives- how should the job progress (milestones, dates, stages) Decision-making process how are decisions taking about the needs of each process in the job, labour and other resources Examples of high technology / complex jobs: film production; large construction projects (e.g. the Millennium Dome) Batch Method As businesses grow and production volumes increase, it is not unusual to see the production process organised so that Batch methods can be used. Batch methods require that the work for any task is divided into parts or operations. Each operation is completed through the whole batch before the next operation is performed. By using the batch method, it is possible to achieve specialisation of labour. Capital expenditure can also be kept lower although careful planning is required to ensure that production equipment is not idle. The main aims of the batch method are, therefore, to: Concentrate skills (specialisation) Achieve high equipment utilisation This technique is probably the most commonly used method for organising manufacture. A good example is the production of electronic instruments. Batch methods are not without their problems. There is a high probability of poor work flow, particularly if the batches are not of the optimal size or if there is a significant difference in productivity by each operation in the process. Batch methods often result in the build up of significant work in progress or stocks (i.e. completed batches waiting for their turn to be  worked on in the next operation). Flow Methods Flow methods are similar to batch methods except that the problem of rest/idle production/batch queuing is eliminated. Flow has been defined as a method of production organisation where the task is worked on continuously or where the processing of material is continuous and progressive, The aims of flow methods are: -Improved work material flow -Reduced need for labour skills Added value / completed work faster Flow methods mean that as work on a task at a particular stage is complete, it must be passed directly to the next stage for processing without waiting for the remaining tasks in the batch. When it arrives at the next stage, work must start immediately on the next process. In order for the flow to be smooth, the times that each task requires on each stage must be of equal length and there should be no movement off the flow production line. In theory, therefore, any fault or error at a particular stage In order that flow methods can work well, several requirements must be met: (1) There must be substantially constant demand If demand is unpredictable or irregular, then the flow production line can lead to a substantial build up of stocks and possibility storage difficulties. Many businesses using flow methods get round this problem by building for stock i.e. keeping the flow line working during quiet periods of demand so that output can be produced efficiently. (2) The product and/or production tasks must be standardised Flow methods are inflexible they cannot deal effectively with variations in the product (although some variety can be accomplished through applying different finishes, decorations etc at the end of the production line). (3) Materials used in production must be to specification and delivered on time Since the flow production line is working continuously, it is not a good idea to use materials that vary in style, form or quality. Similarly, if the required materials are not available, then the whole production line will come to a close with potentially serious cost consequences. (4) Each operation in  the production flow must be carefully defined and recorded in detail (5) The output from each stage of the flow must conform to quality standards Since the output from each stage moves forward continuously, there is no room for sub-standard output to be re-worked (compare this with job or batch production where it is possible to compensate for a lack of quality by doing some extra work on the job or the batch before it is completed). The achievement of a successful production flow line requires considerable planning, particularly in ensuring that the correct production materials are delivered on time and that operations in the flow are of equal duration.

The Romance of Travel Essay -- Manfred Byron Essays Papers Traveling

The Romance of Travel Romance, as it confirms human agency with regards to understanding the world and organizing one's existence, is an enabling genre. Northrop Frye identifies "romance" in its questing, adventurous, persistently nostalgic, and "perennially child-like quality" as the "nearest of all literary forms to the wish-fulfillment dream" (186). Arguably, many of the texts that we have examined over the course of the term can be understood as (more or less) participating in the affirmative conventions of romance in the ways that they show men and woman turning travel into a journey. Take for instance Gilpin's essay "On Picturesque Beauty:" what a light hearted quest ("the searching after effects") it is that he assigns to the picturesque traveler. He would not bring this intention of travel into conflict with the other more "useful ends of travel," but he also offers it as a goal for those who "travel without any end at all." Gilpin even describes the amusements of picturesque travel as a sort of adventure: This great object [beauty of every kind] we pursue through the scenery of nature. We seek it among all the ingredients of landscape -- trees -- rocks -- broken-grounds -- woods -- rivers -- lakes -- plains -- vallies -- mountains -- and distances. The gaze of the traveler ranges "with supreme delight among the sweet vales of Switzerland," as well as through the "limits of art;" it "seeks" after nature's "various effects;" the "scene of grandeur bursts on the eye." Indeed, Gilpin's picturesque traveler is very active. Moreover, when the traveler finds him or herself among less visually appealing natural environments, then it is that the wish-fulfilling imagination can be "let [. . .] loose" to "plant h... ...eader, as he reads personal travel accounts that are informed by those same conventions, enjoys a rapport with the authors, texts, and characters within those texts that make him/her feel (at least they made me feel) as though they (and I) were going somewhere. Works Cited Auden, W. H. and Elizabeth Mayer. "Intoduction." Italian Journey by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. London: Penguin, 1970. Byron, George Gordon, Lord. "Byron's Swiss Tour" (1816). http://www.ualberta.ca/~dmiall/Travel/Byron_Oberland.htm Frye, Northrop. The Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1973. Gilpin, William. "On Picturesque Beauty." http://www.ualberta.ca/~dmiall/Travel/gilpine2.htm Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Italian Journey. London: Penguin, 1970. Wordsworth, William. "Tintern Abbey." http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~dmiall/Tintern/Tintern_c.htm The Romance of Travel Essay -- Manfred Byron Essays Papers Traveling The Romance of Travel Romance, as it confirms human agency with regards to understanding the world and organizing one's existence, is an enabling genre. Northrop Frye identifies "romance" in its questing, adventurous, persistently nostalgic, and "perennially child-like quality" as the "nearest of all literary forms to the wish-fulfillment dream" (186). Arguably, many of the texts that we have examined over the course of the term can be understood as (more or less) participating in the affirmative conventions of romance in the ways that they show men and woman turning travel into a journey. Take for instance Gilpin's essay "On Picturesque Beauty:" what a light hearted quest ("the searching after effects") it is that he assigns to the picturesque traveler. He would not bring this intention of travel into conflict with the other more "useful ends of travel," but he also offers it as a goal for those who "travel without any end at all." Gilpin even describes the amusements of picturesque travel as a sort of adventure: This great object [beauty of every kind] we pursue through the scenery of nature. We seek it among all the ingredients of landscape -- trees -- rocks -- broken-grounds -- woods -- rivers -- lakes -- plains -- vallies -- mountains -- and distances. The gaze of the traveler ranges "with supreme delight among the sweet vales of Switzerland," as well as through the "limits of art;" it "seeks" after nature's "various effects;" the "scene of grandeur bursts on the eye." Indeed, Gilpin's picturesque traveler is very active. Moreover, when the traveler finds him or herself among less visually appealing natural environments, then it is that the wish-fulfilling imagination can be "let [. . .] loose" to "plant h... ...eader, as he reads personal travel accounts that are informed by those same conventions, enjoys a rapport with the authors, texts, and characters within those texts that make him/her feel (at least they made me feel) as though they (and I) were going somewhere. Works Cited Auden, W. H. and Elizabeth Mayer. "Intoduction." Italian Journey by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. London: Penguin, 1970. Byron, George Gordon, Lord. "Byron's Swiss Tour" (1816). http://www.ualberta.ca/~dmiall/Travel/Byron_Oberland.htm Frye, Northrop. The Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1973. Gilpin, William. "On Picturesque Beauty." http://www.ualberta.ca/~dmiall/Travel/gilpine2.htm Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Italian Journey. London: Penguin, 1970. Wordsworth, William. "Tintern Abbey." http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~dmiall/Tintern/Tintern_c.htm

chocolate war :: essays research papers

2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Chocolate War by Robert Cormier is a book about a boy named Jerry whose Mother died and who is living with his father. Ever since his mother’s death, Jerry hasn’t been the same; him and his Father hardly talk. Everything is going great for Jerry at Trinity his school. He made the football team the guys admired him and this girl from the bus stop smiled him. Everything was going well until the chocolate sales came. When he was assigned an assignment from the Vigils, a group of popular boys in the school, he did as they followed which was to refuse to sell chocolates, even though it was voluntarily to sell chocolates nobody ever refused. After 10 days when the assignment was over for some reason Jerry still refused to sell chocolates. That was when hell broke loose and the chocolate war was begun. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best part of the book The Chocolate War is the part when Jerry and Emile had fight. It was one of the big climaxes of this book. It had you on the edge wanting more. The whole book you wonder if something similar to this part would happen and then finally it does. There was a lot of action and detail which was good so it seemed as if you were there watching the fight. When I read this part a lot of emotions gathered up inside of me. I was angry about how the crowd was reacting and then I became happy because of the few shots that Jerry shot at Emile but then again I was upset that Emile beat Jerry up so bad that he fell unconscious in to a pool of his own blood. The worst part of this book was when Jerry called up the girl from his bus stop. I felt sad for him because she smiled at him everyday and then he went in the phone book to look for her and he found it and then he called and she didn’t even know who he was and she thought that he was some kind of sick pervert calling her.

The Barriers and Drivers of Sustainable Transport Management in the University of Hertfordshire

â€Å"An exploratory survey of the barriers and drivers of sustainable conveyance direction in the University of Hertfordshire† Abstraction This research examines the drivers that encourage Sustainable travel in the University of Hertfordshire, it besides looks at the barriers faced by the University in accomplishing a successful rate of sustainable travel among the staff and pupils of the University. The research looked at the average split of both staff and pupils between 2002 and 2013, and tried to understand the grounds for the high per centum in the usage of individual tenancy vehicles as a primary manner of transit. The research besides studied the travel forms of members of the university proposing barriers that may hold influenced the usage of sustainable manners of conveyance. The research eventually highlights the future marks of the University of Hertfordshire to cut down auto usage and increase more sustainable signifiers of transit and besides suggests ways to cut down auto individual tenancy auto usage in the University. Table of contentsIntroduction and Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4Sustainable Transport†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4Drivers and Barriers to Sustainable Transport †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ 5Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7Consequences †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.8Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ 12Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14Introduction and BackgroundOver the past few decennaries, the term ‘sustainability’ has become rather omnipresent and has been used in our day-to-day lives, in the building, power and energy, economic, conveyance and agricultural sectors etc. The term which is defined in the Oxford lexicon ( 2014 ) as ‘the ability to be maintained at a certain degree can be said to be a planning construct which constitutes something of a revolution as it has become the accelerator for persons and organisations round the universe who are making the greatest societal alteration of our clip ( Edwards, 2005 ) . Goldman & A ; Gorham ( 2006 ) , province that following the Brundtland Commission study in 1987, planetary attending refering sustainable development has increased, faculty members and policy authoritieshave tried to use the construct in urban and metropolitan conditions. Sustainable development has demonstrated a lasting and persuasive impression as it directs policy in a distinguishable, natural way, while keeping the ability to set to new issues, economic, societal and technological conditions ( Goldman & A ; Gorham, 2006 ) . In this reappraisal, the chief focal point is on sustainable transit and the challenges encountered. The University of Hertfordshire is based in Hatfield, in the county of Hertfordshire and has about 27,725 pupils including more than 2,000 international pupils from over 85 different states, 2358 staff and a turnover of more than ?230 million. The University has a figure of sites beyond College lane and de Havilland which are the two chief campuses. These sites are ; Bayfordbury, Angerland Park and Ride, Bio Park, The Field Centre, College lane North, Meridian House, Titan Court and MacLaurin Building ( UH 2020 Estates Vision, 2011 ) . 1.1 Sustainable Conveyance Harmonizing to Black ( 2000 ) , composing about sustainable conveyance has become slippery because there are changing positions on the definition of the term, he states that in accomplishing sustainable transit, the conveyance sector would utilize renewable resources at a gait that does non excel the gait at which the resources are renewed, it would utilize non-renewable resources in a mode non transcending the rate of development of alternate resources ; and the degree which the conveyance sector releases pollutants is less than the capacity of the environment to absorb them. Sustainable travel is a cardinal issue within the University sector, hence as portion of the sustainability Programme the demand to undertake the effects of travel of both staff and pupils has been acknowledged ( Cardiff University Travel Plan, 2012 ) . It is in this position that Hensher ( 1998 ) states that bettering public conveyance is a manner of contending the lifting rates of traffic congestion, the decrease in the quality of the air and planetary heating. In his research, Black ( 2000 ) points out that there are assorted issues environing sustainable conveyance. The first facet of sustainable conveyance is how 97 % of the conveyance sector depends chiefly on crude oil which is a resource that is limited, secondly he talks on how sustainable travel is focused on the environment and as such trades with pollution including the high degrees of nursery gases being emitted into the ambiance which increases the wellness hazards of people shacking in urban parts, the writer so goes farther to state that the environmental component of sustainability is â€Å"a double edged sword†that will non merely harm major countries of human life but will besides damage the lives of the coming coevalss. Third Black argues that the conveyance system has a job of traffic congestion affecting both nomadic congestion and stationary congestion whereby there are limited parking infinites. Due to the addition in the population of staff and pupils in the higher instruction sector over the past decennary, the impact of commutation has become the largest a University has on the environment ( Tolley, 1996 ) and as such should non be taken for granted. The form of auto usage in Universities match that of wider society and are perchance made worse by the alterations in the higher instruction sector itself. The rise in the figure of pupils that ain autos can be said to be likely caused by the addition in the admittance of mature pupils while there is a deficit of available residential adjustment on campus ( Tolley, 1996 ) . 1.2 Drivers and Barriers to Sustainable Conveyance In today’s society there is a sense of societal and economic promotion attached to the ownership of autos Hensher ( 1998 ) points out that there is an unsatisfiable demand for the ownership of autos. That governments are seeking to happen a balance between the assorted manners of conveyance, looking for ways of seting public transit into a place that reduces the auto dependence in urban parts. However, Davis ( 1996 ) draws attending to environmental rules and ends to command some of the challenges faced by sustainable transit. He argues that the well-deserved attending is now being given to parking ordinances as a really effective control step. Black ( 2000 ) besides highlighted that most of the methods for managing jobs of congestion on the main roads have no cost deductions to the driving public as they are demand direction techniques. Looking at some of the barriers to sustainable transit Zuniga ( 2012 ) stated that some of the barriers to active travel are distance, conditions and safety. Besides during a research carried out by Koetse and Rietveld ( 2009 ) , looking at the impact of clime alteration and conditions on conveyance, they stated that there is a decrease in the usage of bikes and an addition in auto usage as a agency of transposing during the winter season. The University of Leicester ( 2010 ) states that accepting and minimising the usage of dodo fuel will help the University in maintaining up with statute law, stakeholder’s increasing involvements, the of all time lifting monetary values of energy every bit good as aid the University to run efficaciously in a green economic system. The Higher Education sector has become a competitory sector, and Universities need to upgrade their installations to remain competitory and to be successful. This might do the travel forms of members of the Universities to alter, and the Travel program is of import in cut downing the effects caused by the alterations ( Bournemouth University Travel program 2013 ) From the literature above it is clear that it is of import to understand the drivers and barriers to the acceptance of sustainable conveyance, and this applies in any context, including workplaces such as Universities, and the University of Hertfordshire – hence this so sets the scene and principle for this survey. The aims of this research are as follows:To set up the current province of bing cognition and literature on drivers and barriers to the acceptance of sustainable conveyance.To garner and collate bing informations on conveyance forms at the University of Hertfordshire to help in placing the alterations in the primary manner of conveyance from 2002 to 2013 and set up future marks of the University to increase the usage of sustainable manners of conveyance.To place any possible drivers and barriers apparent in the form of bing informations sets.2.0 Methodology This research has looked at sustainable transit in the University of Hertfordshire, concentrating on the drivers and barriers of sustainability in the university.The research was carried out utilizing qualitative research methods, where secondary research was done and explorative research techniques were used. In transporting out this research, literature reappraisals and a professional audience were carried out. In the literature reappraisal, an geographic expedition of academic diaries, travel programs from other UK universities and professional web sites was done in order to set up the current state of affairs on the drivers and barriers of sustainable transit and how it affects the University sector in relation to objectives 1 and 2. Secondary information was collected from the University of Hertfordshire’s Travel program to acquire study consequences on the primary manner of conveyance of both the staff and the pupils of the University between 2002 and 2013. This was done in order to analyse the alteration in travel behaviour of both the staff and pupils of the University over the 11 twelvemonth period in relation to objective 2. Analysis was carried out on the extracted information, looking at the alterations in primary manners of conveyance and proposing grounds for the alterations. Besides information was collected to set up future marks of the University to increase the usage of sustainable manners of conveyance. Search cardinal words like ; sustainability, sustainable travel, sustainable conveyance in universities, green campuses and sustainable transit, were used in the hunt for relevant literature utilizing the university’s online library ( Voyager ) and Google Scholar. Forward and rearward mention seeking techniques were besides adopted. The research was mostly a desk-based survey pulling upon bing literature and informations. 3.0 Consequences In order to analyze the travel forms of members of UH, information was extracted from the UH Travel program of 2013-2018. A travel study is normally carried out between March and April bi-ennially and in 2013 all members of staff and the pupils were invited to take portion in the study. However merely 20 % of the staff and 1 % of the pupils completed the study. The consequences are as follows: Figure 3.1 Primary Mode of Transport for staff in 2013 From Figure 3.1 above, it can be seen that the most used manner of transit for members of staff in UH is auto at 69 % , and this involves members of staff that thrust to the University on their ain ( individual tenancy vehicles ) . The 2nd highest manner of transposing for staff is the auto sharing method which is much more sustainable than the remarkable usage of vehicles and this takes 8 % , both coach usage and walking portion about the same per centum of staff at 6 % . The per centum of staff that rhythm to the university is 5 % , while members of staff that commute by train are 4 % . The big per centum of auto usage amongst the staff may be due to assorted grounds including, the demand to transport work related points around, wont, distance from place to the university, holding multiple undertakings to accomplish within a individual trip etc. Figure 3.2 Primary Mode of Transport for staff between 2002 and 2013 In Figure 3.2 above, the usage of individual tenancy vehicles as a primary agencies of transposing amongst the staff has reduced from 82 % in 2002 to 69 % in 2013. The per centum of staff that use the coach as their primary signifier of transit when transposing to and from the University had somewhat increased from 5 % in 2002 to 6 % in 2013. There has been an addition in train usage among staff, which was 4 % in 2013 from 1 % in 2002 ; the per centum of staff auto sharing has besides experienced an overall addition from 3 % in 2002 to 8 % in 2013. Cycling among members of staff has besides increased from 2 % in 2002 to 5 % in 2013, nevertheless even though walking has fluctuated over the old ages between 2002 and 2013, it has remained the same at 6 % . The alteration in the travel form of members of staff may hold been due to either wellness grounds, fiscal grounds or due to the increased consciousness of sustainability in general. Figure 3.3 Primary Mode of Transport for pupils in 2013 Figure 3.3 above shows that walking is the most popular manner of transit for pupils of UH at 43 % , this may be because a high figure of pupils live in the residential adjustments provided by the University on campus and happen it much easier to acquire to their categories. However 31 % of pupils drive to the University on their ain which is every bit high, the per centum of pupils that commute by coach is at 14 % followed by the per centum of pupils that prefer to auto portion which is 5 % . Finally the per centum of Students that rhythm and those that commute by train is comparatively low at 3 % each. Figure 3.4 Primary Mode of Transport for pupils between 2002 and 2013 Figure 3.4 above indicates that walking which is the most popular signifier of conveyance among the pupils, addition by a sum of 13 % between 2002 ( where it was 30 % ) and 2013 ( 43 % ) . The usage of individual tenancy vehicles decreased from 38 % in 2002 to 31 % in 2013, besides the per centum of pupils that use the coach as their primary signifier of transit reduced from 19 % in 2002 to 14 % in 2013. The usage of trains as a signifier of conveyance among pupils has remained the same at 3 % , while auto sharing among pupils has increased over the same period of clip from 2 % in 2002 to 5 % in 2013. Finally there was a little decrease in the usage of cycling by the pupils from 4 % to 3 % between 2002 and 2013 severally. These alterations in the primary signifiers of conveyance to more sustainable signifiers may hold been influenced by the high costs of keeping personal vehicles due to the economic state of affairs or parking limitations by the university on pupils. 4.0 Discussion One of the chief benefits of placing the travel forms of the members of the University every bit good as the barriers faced by the University in cut downing the per centum of auto usage among both staff and pupils, is that it gives a more elaborate analysis on what primary manners of conveyance are more popular and besides gives an thought as to why these manners are largely used. From the research it can be deduced that some of the drivers of sustainable conveyance include ; authorities statute law, reputational benefits ( green image ) , fiscal benefits and environmental impacts. It can besides be said that some of the barriers of sustainable conveyance are ; unfavourable conditions, distance, societal position, safety and wont among others, these could besides be attributed to the University of Hertfordshire. However the University has made farther programs to cut down auto usage most significantly as other signifiers of transit are more flexible in footings of existent modal split. The University of Hertfordshire marks to cut down individual tenancy auto usage amongst members of staff from 69 % in 2013 to 60 % by 2018, besides to increase other manners of conveyance including auto sharing, walking, cycling and the usage of public conveyance from 31 % in 2013 to 40 % by 2018. For the pupil commuter journeys, the University aims to cut down individual tenancy auto usage from 22 % in 2013 to 20 % by 2018, and to increase auto sharing, walking, cycling and the usage of public conveyance from 78 % in 2013 to 80 % by 2018. In add-on the University purposes to accomplish a average split of 7 % for individual tenancy auto usage and 93 % for the usage of sustainable manners of conveyance for pupils populating in the residential subdivision of the College Lane Campus. 5.0 Decision The aims of this research were to set up the current province of bing cognition and literature on the drivers and barriers to the acceptance of sustainable transit, to garner and collate bing informations on conveyance forms at the University of Hertfordshire and set up future marks, besides to place any possible drivers and barriers apparent in the form of bing informations. Mentions Black, W. R. ( 2000 ) ‘Socio-economic barriers to sustainable transport’ ,Journal of Transport Geography,8, pp. 141-147. Daly, H. E. ( 1991 ) ‘Steady State Economies’ . Island Press, Washington, DC. Davis, A. L. ( 1996 ) ‘Promoting sustainable conveyance on England: rules and practice’ ,Journal of Transport Geography,4 ( 1 ) , pp. 67-70. Edwards, A. R. ( 2005 ) .The sustainability revolution: Portrayal of a paradigm displacement. New Society Pub. Goldman, T. and Gorham, R. ( 2006 ) ‘Sustainable urban conveyance: Four advanced directions’Technology in Society, 28, pp. 261-273. Goodwin, P.B. , Hallett, S. , Kenny, F. and Stokes, G. ( 1991 ) ‘Transport: the new realism’ ,Report to Rees Jeffrey Road Fund, Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford. Greene, D. L. , Wegener, M. ( 1997 ) ‘Sustainable transport’ ,Journal of Transport Geography, 5 ( 3 ) , 177-190. Hensher, D. A. ( 1993 ) ‘Socially and environmentally appropriate urban hereafters for the motor auto Transportation’ ,Conveyance Policy,20 ( 1 ) , pp. 1-20. Hensher, D. A. ( 1998 ) ‘The instability between auto and public conveyance usage in urban Australia: why does it be? ’ ,Conveyance Policy,5, pp. 193-204. Oxford lexicon, 2014. Tolley, R. ( 1996 ) . Green campuses: cutting the environmental cost of transposing.Journal of Transport Geography,4( 3 ) , 213-217. Transport Research Laboratory, ( 1994 ) ‘Impact of Transport Policies in Five Cities’ PR 107, TRL, Crowthorne.

The Value of Self-Reflection for Success in Teaching

The Value of Self-Reflection for Success in Teaching In a profession as challenging as teaching, honest self-reflection is key. That means that we must regularly examine what has worked and what hasnt worked in the classroom, despite how painful it can sometimes be to look in the mirror. Once you self-reflect you then need to take your answers and turn them into positive, resolute statements that give you concrete goals on which to focus immediately. Be honest, work hard, and watch your teaching transform for the better! Ask Yourself These Tough Questions - And Be Honest! Where did I fail as a teacher in the past? Where did I succeed?What is my top teaching goal for the coming year?What can I do to make my teaching more fun while adding to my students learning and enjoyment?What can I do to be more proactive in my professional development?What resentments do I need to resolve in order to move forward more optimistically and with a fresh mind?What types of students do I tend to ignore or do I need to spend more time serving?Which lessons or units am I only continuing to perform out of habit or laziness?Am I being a cooperative member of my grade level team?Are there any aspects of the profession that I am ignoring out of fear of change or lack of knowledge? (i.e. technology)How can I increase valuable parental involvement?Have I done enough to foster a productive relationship with my administrator?Do I still enjoy teaching? If not, what can I do to increase my enjoyment in my chosen profession?Do I bring additional stress upon myself? If so, how can I decrease or eliminate it? How have my beliefs about learning and pedagogy changed over the years?What minor and/or major changes can I make to my academic program in order to directly increase my students learning? What Happens If You Refuse to Self-Reflect Put earnest effort and pure intention into your self-reflection. You dont want to be one of those stagnant teachers that drably presents the same ineffective and outdated lessons year after year. The unexamined teaching career can lead to becoming just a glorified babysitter, stuck in a rut and no longer enjoying your job! Times change, perspectives change, and you must change in order to adapt and remain relevant in the ever-changing world of education. Often its difficult to get motivated to change when you have tenure and cant be fired but thats precisely why you must undertake this effort on your own. Think about it while youre driving or doing the dishes. It doesnt matter where you self-reflect, only that you do it earnestly and energetically. Examine Your Teaching - Any Time of Year One of the best things about teaching is that every school year offers a fresh start. Make the most of this new beginning - any time of year! - and move ahead with the confidence that you are mindful and motivated to be the best teacher you can be! Edited By: Janelle Cox

How does Shakespeare build up the contrast between love and hate in Act 1 scene 5 Essay Example

How does Shakespeare build up the contrast  between love and hate in Act 1 scene 5 Essay Example How does Shakespeare build up the contrast  between love and hate in Act 1 scene 5 Paper How does Shakespeare build up the contrast  between love and hate in Act 1 scene 5 Paper The play Romeo and Juliet is about the relationship between two young people who are from feuding families. The two lovers are basically doomed from the start, as we can see from the title of the prologue The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Tragedy tells us that it the story will end in disaster, which it does. The prologue gives us an outline of the story telling us a brief history of the two families and what happens to Romeo and Juliet. The first few lines tell us about Two households alike in dignity. Dignity shows us that the two families are dignified, and probably have a good reputation in the city.We also see that they are very alike. Despite the families high standard, their mutiny is an act of rebellion against the prince; their fighting could put the whole city of Verona in danger. After telling us about the two families, the prologue then tells us about the fate of Romeo and Juliet. They were both born from the fatal loins of their parents, loins meaning the reproductive ar ea and fatal meaning anything made from them is doomed. This shows an idea of fate; as soon as they are born they are destined to die.The lovers are described as star crossed, their destiny is all planned out for them. Star crossed has probably got something to do with astrology, something people believed strongly in during Shakespeares time, because people believed that if stars or plants crossed each others path it meant good or bad things would happen. The whole reason why they die is because of their parents strife, the parents hold the grudge against each other strongly, hence the word strife, but Romeo and Juliet dont care about it, they bury their parents strife. On reading the prologue, the audiences will feel that because of the feud the story will end in tragedy as a result.Act 1 scene 5 is important in the play because this is when Romeo and Juliet first see each other and instantly fall in love. To contrast this, it is also where they will see Tybalt at his most furious and threatening. The audience will have a feeling something bad will happen in the scene because Romeo is unwelcome at the ball as a Montague. Romeos premonition of something bad happening will be proved right because of him gate crashing, as we can see from Tybalts anger. Romeos presence at the ball is obviously going to cause trouble, and him wanting to see a Capulet girl wont help much either, Romeo flirting with Juliet increases Tybalts determination to get revenge on RomeoAct 1 scene 5 is all set in the Capulet house, during a ball, so Shakespeare had to create an appropriate atmosphere for it. The atmosphere he creates is jovial, exciting and happy. The constant bustle of the servants creates a fast paced, exciting atmosphere. Wheres Potpan, that he helps not to take away? this develops the idea of the servants bustling about. The atmosphere is made welcoming by Capulet greeting them in a friendly manner, Welcome gentlemen! this make the guests feel accepted and protected in C apulets hands. The audience may feel anxious about the friendly atmosphere suddenly turning sour because of Tybalts reaction to Romeos arrival. The atmosphere is quickly brought back down to stable by Capulet, as he stops Tybalt doing anything brash as he wants his ball to go well.In lines 43-52 Romeo sees Juliet for the first time, and her beauty overwhelms him. He describes Juliet as something extremely precious and bright, that her beauty makes her stand out from the rest of the crowd. Romeo says a list of contrasts which describe her, a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear being one of them. This gives the audience an image of a bright jewel against a black persons skin. This develops the idea of light against dark. This makes Juliet seem like an extraordinary person who stands out well against the mundane crowd.In lines 53-91 Tybalt has just noticed Romeos presence and in return he is furious. He could recognize the masked Romeo because of his typical Montague way of talking in rhyme, as we can see from This, by his voice, should be a Montague. So obviously Tybalt has grown accustomed to the Montagues way of speaking. Tybalts reaction is, again, impulsive and violent, Fetch me my rapier, boy. Tybalt instantly wants to fight, despite all the guests and the chance of ruining his uncles ball. Tybalt thinks the only reason Romeo has came to the ball is to mock the Capulets efforts, this fuels his hatred for Romeo, urging him on to fight. Tybalt uses words which show hate, like villain many times. This shows he thinks Romeo an enemy. This contrasts with Romeos little speech, as he used words that showed love and affection, Tybalts words show hate and loathing.Capulet isnt too happy with Romeos arrival at the ball, but he still doesnt let Tybalt fight him. He tells Tybalt to calm himself down and leave Romeo alone. He goes on to say that Verona brags of him and he is a well governed youth. This suggests that Capulet is not automatically assuming that Romeo is bad, and is giving him the benefit of the doubt. Capulet is acting like this because he doesnt want his ball ruined by a fight, or maybe because he is feeling very friendly. Also, the Montagues are his guests, so he has a duty to protect them anyway. Capulet starts to get angry about arguing with Tybalt, he starts to talk in a hushed voice, -You are a princox go: be quiet or- he is about to threaten Tybalt, showing that he can be just as angry as Tybalt can get, but he still has to attend to his guests.When Tybalt has stopped arguing with Capulet, he storms off threatening Romeo. He says that the intrusion that presently seems so sweet and innocent shall develop into bitterest gall, a strong hatred. Tybalt is saying that because he cannot avenge Romeos intrusion, at the moment, he will get him in the future with a lot more brutality. Tybalt has made the atmosphere very uneasy and the audience may feel a strong hatred linger.After this the play goes back to Romeo and Juliet, so the mood is sw itched back to love from hate. The two lovers are talking to each other in a sonnet. A sonnet is very appropriate in this section, because sonnets were a popular way of writing poetry about love. The lovers may or may not be aware that they are talking in a sonnet, but either way it shows love. Romeo speaks the first quatrain using imagery to describe his and Juliets hand as pilgrims worshipping at a shrine. He flatters her by saying that his unworthiest hand is profaning her hand, the holy shrine, so his lips, the two blushing pilgrims are ready to soften the roughness with a tender kiss.Romeo is hinting that he wants to kiss her hand. Juliet says in her reply, the second quatrain, that Romeos hand shows proper devotion in what is doing, and saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, she is suggesting that they hold hands instead of kissing straight away. She also says palm to palm is holy palmers kiss; she might be saying that it will still be like a kiss if they just hold ha nds. Romeo and Juliet then share the third quatrain. Romeo starts by asking if saints have lips as well as palmers, again developing the idea of Romeo wanting to kiss her, but this time on the lips. Juliet says they do have lips, lips they must use in prayer. Romeo cleverly turns this into a reason to kiss her, by saying let lips do what hands do! meaning hands touch when they pray, so their lips should touch. So Romeo kisses Juliet on the lips, and they are about to start another sonnet, but the nurse needs to talk with Juliet.The nurse tells Juliet that her mothers craves a word with her. Romeo is curious, about this, so he asks What is her mother? This is when reality breaks in on Romeo and drags him out of his happiness, the nurse replies Her mother is the lady of the house, so she is Lady Capulet, therefore Juliet is a Capulet, his enemy. Romeo has a very shocked reaction to this, he says his life is my foes debt, he thinks that he owes his life to his enemy, who is also his lo ver.Act 1 scene 5 is extremely important in the play because it is the main point of Romeo and Juliets relationship. It is also important because it is the starting point of Tybalts vengeance seeking with the Montages that will result in two deaths, Mercutios and his own. The contrast Shakespeare has built up is very strong, with the sensitive, gentle love between Romeo and Juliet, and the strong hatred from Tybalt. This scene sets out what will happen later on the play, the strong feelings of love and hate and the deaths, and the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet.

No Exit by Jean-Paul Sartre Summary

No Exit by Jean-Paul Sartre Summary Life after death isnt quite what we expected. Hell is not a lake filled with lava, nor is it a torture chamber overseen by pitchfork-wielding demons. Instead, as Jean-Paul Sartres male character famously states: Hell is other people. This theme comes to life painfully for Garcin, a journalist who was killed while trying to flee the country, thus avoiding being drafted into the war effort. The play begins after Garcins death. A valet escorts him into a clean, well-lit room, very similar to that of a modest hotel suite. The audience soon learns that this is the after-life; this is the place Garcin will be spending eternity. At first, Garcin is surprised. He had expected a more traditional, nightmarish version of Hell. The valet is amused but not surprised by Garcins questions, and soon he escorts two other newcomers: Inez, a cruel-hearted lesbian, and Estelle, a heterosexual young woman who is obsessed with appearance (especially her own). As the three characters introduce themselves and ponder their situation, they begin to realize that they have been placed together for a specific purpose: punishment. The Setting The valets entrance and behavior connote that of a hotel suite. However, the cryptic exposition of the valet informs the audience that the characters we meet are no longer alive, and therefore no longer on earth. The valet only appears during the first scene, but he sets the tone of the play. He does not appear self-righteous, nor does he seem to take any pleasure in the long-term punishment in store for the three residents. Instead, the valet he seems good-natured, anxious to partner the three lost souls, and then probably move on to the next batch of new arrivals. Through the valet we learn the rules of No Exits afterlife: The lights never turn off.There is no sleep.There are no mirrors.There is a phone, but it rarely works.There are no books or other forms of entertainment.There is a knife, but no one can be physically hurt.At times, residents can view what is happening on earth. Main Characters Estelle, Inez, and Garcin are the three main characters in this work. Estelle the Child Killer: Of the three residents, Estelle exhibits the most shallow characteristics. One of the first things she desires is a mirror in order to gaze at her reflection. If she could have a mirror, she might be able to happily pass eternity fixated by her own appearance. Vanity is not the worst of Estelles crimes. She married a much older man, not out of love, but out of economic greed. Then, she had an affair with a younger, more attractive man. Worst of all, after giving birth to the younger mans child, Estelle drowned the baby in a lake. Her lover witnessed the act of infanticide, and horrified by Estelles action, he killed himself. Despite her immoral behavior, Estelle does not feel guilty. She simply wants a man to kiss her and admire her beauty. Early on in the play, Estelle realizes that Inez is attracted to her; however, Estelle physically desires men. And since Garcin is the only man in her vicinity for endless eons, Estelle seeks sexual fulfillment from him. However, Inez will always interfere, preventing Estelle from attaining her desire. Inez the Damned Woman: Inez might be the only character of the three who feels at home in Hell. Throughout her life, she accepted even embraced her evil nature. She is a devout sadist, and even though she will be prevented from attaining her desires, she seems to take some pleasure knowing that everyone else around her will join in her misery. During her lifetime, Inez seduced a married woman, Florence. The womans husband (Inezs cousin) was miserable enough to be suicidal but did not the nerve to take his own life. Inez explains that the husband was killed by a tram, making us wonder if she perhaps pushed him. However, since she is the character who feels most at home in this strange Hell, it seems that Inez would be more blatant about her crimes. She does tell her lesbian lover, Yes, my pet, we killed him between us. Yet, she might be speaking figuratively instead of literally. In either case, Florence wakes up one evening and turns on the gas stove, killing herself and the sleeping Inez. Despite her stoic facade, Inez admits that she needs others if only to engage in acts of cruelty. This characteristic implies that she receives the least amount of punishment since she will be spending eternity thwarting Estelle and Garcins attempts at salvation. Her sadistic nature might very well make her the most content among the three, even if she is never able to seduce Estelle. Garcin the Coward: Garcin is the first character to enter Hell. He gets the plays first and last line. At first, he seems surprised that his surroundings dont include hellfire and non-stop torture. He feels that if he is in solitude, left alone to put his life in order, he will be able to handle the rest of eternity. However, when Inez enters he realizes that solitude is now an impossibility. Because no one sleeps (or even blinks) he will always be in view of Inez, and subsequently Estelle as well. Being in full, contrast view is upsetting to Garcin. He has prided himself on being manly. His masochistic ways resulted in his mistreatment of his wife. He also views himself as a pacificist. However, by the middle of the play, he comes to terms with the truth. Garcin simply opposed the war because he was afraid of dying. Instead of calling for pacifism in the face of diversity (and perhaps dying because of his beliefs), Garcin attempted to flee the country and was gunned down in the process. Now, Garcins only hope of salvation (peace of mind) is to be understood by Inez, the only person in Hells waiting room who might be able to relate to him because she understands cowardice.

Quantitative Nursing and Qualitative Critique Essay

Quantitative Nursing and Qualitative Critique - Essay Example In the light of those evidences the actual purpose of this study is to construct the diabetes self-management education program which uses co-created learning procedures considering the needs of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (Funnell & Rogers, 2011). The program should be adaptive in fulfilling the gaps that have been observed in adhering diabetes self-management activates properly. The study purpose has been set to evaluate the DSME program performance at the end through qualitative research methodology. Research Questions The study inquires about the gaps in the diabetes self-management education, it examines, what are gaps in this program which have not yielded proper health care even after achieving knowledge about the program and how these gaps will help in organizing such activities that can make self-management an effective tool for health care. It examines, what are the needs and requirements of persons with type 2 DM. What are the effects and outcomes of this co -created program which have been examined through the qualitative factors of adaptation, program satisfaction and through the self-management activities? The qualitative methods such as focus group discussion and intervention, demographic analysis, knowledge about the program and self-care are sufficient enough to evaluate this co-created learning program. Gap analysis is an effective way of modifying and designing a new program which is not performing to its optimum potential because gap analysis help looking into the drawbacks and faults of prevailing methods and techniques. After analysis it enables the reader to redesign and reconstruct his own opinion and model. The worth mentioning aspect of this qualitative study is that the DSME program has used the co-created learning process... This paper approves that the study used co-creation learning process for participants in their DSME program which yielded significant results in proper self-management among parsons with type 2 DM. so, it is recommended that clinicians or nursing staff or professionals who have interaction with DSME education should prefer self-participation and self-involvement of their patients in identifying activities, barriers and possible solutions according to their desires and requirements. this essay makes a conclusion that this article of qualitative research has provided great deal of knowledge about the thinking patterns of humans as prescriptive methodologies have failed to teach the adherence of diabetes self-management education activities in practical but with the help of co-creation, such limitations have been transformed into strengths and yet the result of only self-managing activities are significant which states that the diabetes complications and problems can be resolved through self-motivation. This article provided extensive knowledge considering the nursing practice because clinical practitioners are usually unaware of this aspect of self-motivation and imply their prescribed opinions without considering the needs and desires of their patients. So, this analysis will help in future references of such events of non-compliance among patients. Qualitative research focuses on exploring issues, after identification it assumes understanding problem and then r esponding to the problem and finally the evaluation comes in line. This aspect of qualitative research will be useful in solving medical problems through qualitative measures in nursing practice.

Food Safety within a Hotel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Food Safety within a Hotel - Assignment Example The instance is to ensure the possibility of the introduction of hazards that may have a severe effect on both the safety of food and its suitability for consumption by humans (Smulders, 2006). Information relating to the food safety management is primarily from the universal terms; the Safer food, better business (SFBB). The principal significance of SFB is to assist the small businesses in the procedures and the regulations required in ensuring the safety in food production and handling before consumption by human beings (Arduser and Brown, 2005). For this reason, SFB operates through the below subsections as the way of conveying the intended information to the stakeholders handling the foodstuffs before the final human consumption; Safer food, better business for child-minders; that provide the simple, straightforward advice on food safety. For instance, the information pertaining to a child's nutrition, health, and care practices. Safer food, better business for residential care homes; that help the caterers and the staff employed in the residential areas during the preparation and handling of foodstuffs in such places (Andrews, 2011). Safer food, better business for different cuisines, applicable to small catering businesses. For instance, the restaurants and takeaways that only serve specific groups of people such as the Chinese cuisine or Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan cuisines. An organization that produces food substances should be well conversant with the steps required for the control of temperatures of food substances. Consequently, the organization may use the steps below towards realizing the objective of regulating the food temperatures in a control system; The first step should include the development of a temperature monitoring system. In this instance, every staff in the organization should work on his or her assigned task on the regulation of the temperature control system (OFallon, 2011).There is a need to enhance food safety so as to avoid the loss of life lives due to food consumption. For this reason, an organization should consider implementing the suggestions presented in this report so as to realize the objective.

Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Solution - Essay Example 2014). Content marketing targets attracting and retaining the customers of a business through continuous creation and development of content which are focused on changing the behaviour of the consumers (What is Content Marketing? 2014). The contents for content marketing have to be in association with the particular needs of the business, which would essentially vary from one company to another. Hence in order to achieve successful content marketing, the goals of the business have to be clearly set and planned (Baer, 2014). This step involves identifying the audience to whom the content would be targeted. There should be a particular aim of the execution of a particular content. Hence in this step, the business organization needs to identify the aim or the purpose that the business wants the content to fulfil (Baer, 2014). This is the step where the business needs to identify what it is producing, when, and for whom. This is extremely important since the content will have to be based on this information. The information and the audience have to be connected through the content being developed (Baer, 2014). Atomization would involve considering a key or a major idea related to the business, and executing smaller contents from the big concept. This is a form of reinvention which would help the business to create innovative contents for its purpose of marketing (Baer, 2014). This step suggests that the content marketing needs to be marketed by the business. Contents cannot be just created and people be attracted. Content executions will have to be created such as the product, and they will be required to be launched in the market like a business would do with a product. Integrated marketing tactics need to be followed for this purpose to bring the contents in front of the public (Baer, 2014). Contents are more effective for marketing if they are measured. By this it is meant that the business needs to measure

Image you chosse to analzy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Image you chosse to analzy - Essay Example One advertisement calls parents to help erase this habit among their children. The ad says: â€Å"Risk an Early Death, Just Do Nothing.† The ad is saying that having no physical activity because of playing video games is bad for the health and social lives of the children because of the ad’s strong word of death in black, the green background and red shirt that suggest opposite feelings of life and death, and the unhappy face shows that indicates that the kid is alone, not socializing, and unhealthy, and so, these conditions make him sad, and these symbols and messages are important to society because kids need a healthier development through having other physical activities and interacting with other people outside the home. All of the words are in capitalized letters, with the word â€Å"death† in black, which suggests that playing video games is bad for the health and social lives of the children, while the rest of the words support the same main claim. The ad is saying that doing nothing is bad for the health of children. It categorizes playing hours of video games as nothing, since children are only sitting and barely moving in front of the television. To explain this problem further, the ad has a paragraph with smaller fonts. It says that 9 out of 10 children have unhealthy fat in their bodies. The statistics indicate that the problem affects many children and should surprise parents. In addition, the ad continues that their children might not look fat, but as they grow old, the habit of sitting all the time will lead to an early death because little exercise results to heart problems, Type 2 diabetes, or even cancer. The ad connects the lack of physical activity in childhood to several deadly diseases, once they are adults. It shows that by doing nothing, early death becomes a certainty. Moreover, the word â€Å"death† is in black because black often means death. Death also means â€Å"nothing† because people cannot see anything in the black color. In connection, the ad suggests that playing video games is nothing important to the healthy development of the children. Aside from the black word, the rest of the bold and capitalized words are in white. The white is in contrast with the black and seeks to capture the interest of the audience. The white makes it easier for them to see the black, or the â€Å"death† in doing nothing. Thus, the words and their colors support the meaning that the ad wants to tell parents. Apart from these colors, the green background and red shirt suggest contrary feelings of life and death. The color green means a good life and nature. It sends a message that if only children spent more time going out and playing outside with nature, they would have a better life. They will have a better life because physical activity and fresh air are good for their health. At the same time, playing outside tends to establish and expand friendships. When children are outside, the y can make friends or they can spend time with their friends. They can laugh and run about as they play. They can share stories while waking together. Physical activity is then closely connected to social activity. Furthermore, the red shirt of child in the ad signifies death. Red means blood. With a red shirt, the child in the ad may seem like bleeding and dying. The ad says that because of playing too much in front of the TV, this activity will

Contested globalisation and governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contested globalisation and governance - Essay Example The main person responsible for coining the term globalization is considered to be Theodore Levitt. With the passage of time, the phenomenon has grown at a steady rate whereby the setting under which it is held is one that focuses on the global patterns related with the sociological findings. Globalization, for that matter, is also remarked as Internationalization since the nature of the two terms is on a worldwide scale more than anything else. However, on the part of the two terms, the one thing common however is the fact that these have identified themselves well with the changing (and growing) trends, where most of these are credited on the shoulders of the World War II, after which there has been a resurgent rat race nonetheless. The movement of commodities, people, information, money, technological developments, organizational infrastructures, legal frameworks and so on and so forth have only proved to all and sundry that globalization is a phenomenon and it is one that is here to stay for long. The world has become a global village due to globalization and it is a good omen if seen in the proper perspectives. Globalization entails within it the changing technological innovations, the improvement in structures and different infrastructures, the advancements in basic thinking mindset of man, his ability to break loose from the ordinary and reach out towards the unknown and in all essence do something which can bring about an ultimate change, for the better. (Kantor, 2001) Having said that, we need to understand that globalization is not just a phenomenon, it is the science of human evolution and since man has for long held fast to this belief, there can be no reason as to why he should not comprehend the basis of the phenomenon of globalization. It is a paradigm shift or a movement as we might call it, one that brings more stability within the ranks (where it is applied) and unison in the efforts and activities of all concerned. More

Image you chosse to analzy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Image you chosse to analzy - Essay Example One advertisement calls parents to help erase this habit among their children. The ad says: â€Å"Risk an Early Death, Just Do Nothing.† The ad is saying that having no physical activity because of playing video games is bad for the health and social lives of the children because of the ad’s strong word of death in black, the green background and red shirt that suggest opposite feelings of life and death, and the unhappy face shows that indicates that the kid is alone, not socializing, and unhealthy, and so, these conditions make him sad, and these symbols and messages are important to society because kids need a healthier development through having other physical activities and interacting with other people outside the home. All of the words are in capitalized letters, with the word â€Å"death† in black, which suggests that playing video games is bad for the health and social lives of the children, while the rest of the words support the same main claim. The ad is saying that doing nothing is bad for the health of children. It categorizes playing hours of video games as nothing, since children are only sitting and barely moving in front of the television. To explain this problem further, the ad has a paragraph with smaller fonts. It says that 9 out of 10 children have unhealthy fat in their bodies. The statistics indicate that the problem affects many children and should surprise parents. In addition, the ad continues that their children might not look fat, but as they grow old, the habit of sitting all the time will lead to an early death because little exercise results to heart problems, Type 2 diabetes, or even cancer. The ad connects the lack of physical activity in childhood to several deadly diseases, once they are adults. It shows that by doing nothing, early death becomes a certainty. Moreover, the word â€Å"death† is in black because black often means death. Death also means â€Å"nothing† because people cannot see anything in the black color. In connection, the ad suggests that playing video games is nothing important to the healthy development of the children. Aside from the black word, the rest of the bold and capitalized words are in white. The white is in contrast with the black and seeks to capture the interest of the audience. The white makes it easier for them to see the black, or the â€Å"death† in doing nothing. Thus, the words and their colors support the meaning that the ad wants to tell parents. Apart from these colors, the green background and red shirt suggest contrary feelings of life and death. The color green means a good life and nature. It sends a message that if only children spent more time going out and playing outside with nature, they would have a better life. They will have a better life because physical activity and fresh air are good for their health. At the same time, playing outside tends to establish and expand friendships. When children are outside, the y can make friends or they can spend time with their friends. They can laugh and run about as they play. They can share stories while waking together. Physical activity is then closely connected to social activity. Furthermore, the red shirt of child in the ad signifies death. Red means blood. With a red shirt, the child in the ad may seem like bleeding and dying. The ad says that because of playing too much in front of the TV, this activity will

Competing Conceptions of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Competing Conceptions of Globalization - Essay Example Although the meaning of this term is rather indistinct, and the phenomena it is used to denote extremely varied, it does articulate a prevailing feeling in the 21st century that human life is greatly shaped by forces, which have extended across boundaries, and which, concisely due to their magnitude and supremacy, are transforming life on this globe. All spheres of the society are being redefined by this process; people find their existence threatened or individuality threw in to confusion; areas and entire regions are compelled to restructure themselves or diminish in the face of economic forces; and nations are experiencing gradually decreasing autonomy of action and closer ties to each other than any other time in the past (Scholte, 2000). Â  At the present, there is a serious incongruity between the reality that globalization is in full gear and the reality that the prevailing processes of global governance do not have the influence, ability, and capacity to regulate and direct this process towards helpful ends. Due to this, globalization is usually unsettling and unbalanced in its outcomes. It has also brought new challenges for the current public institutions while at the same instance weathering their independence and support. Globalization has also provided the paradoxical means for those it eliminates culturally or economically to categorize against its subordinating and homogenizing force (Ohmae, 1999). Â  In essence, there are numerous explanations of globalization, which though consistent in various ways do illustrate varying faces of the process.

Intertestamental Period Essay Example for Free

Intertestamental Period Essay INTRODUCTION The overarching goal of the Christian church is to model a Kingdom lifestyle and in so doing facilitate a change in the world towards a lifestyle approved of God. That goal is accomplished by (1) being in the world, but not of the world, (2) being one and (3) using Kingdom methodology to achieve God’s objectives. But achieving the goal using that strategy is made difficult when it must be done in the midst of competing lifestyles. Especially when there is a desire to fit in rather than being ‘peculiar’. During the Intertestamental Period, also called the Second Temple Period by some authors, the Jews experienced cultural and environmental pressures which forced them apart and set the stage for the ministry of Jesus. The following is a brief summary of those pressures. 1. The Jews were bounded on all sides by other cultures and this caused them to compromise their life style to fit in with the world giving up any real distinction between a righteous lifestyle and a worldly lifestyle. Bruce stated that â€Å"the Greek way of life was attractive to many, and slowly but surely it continued to make headway among large sections of the population, including even the great priestly families in Jerusalem. This tendency was inimical to the true calling of Israel, and tended to break down the wall of partition between Jews and Gentiles in the wrong way, by blurring the sharp distinction between Israel’s revealed religion and Greek heathenism.† 2. The Jews moved from ‘being one’ to being ‘standalone competing sects’. It is readily observable that this caused infighting and an inward focus that was detrimental to their inherent mission. This problem was highlighted in later years when Jesus said â€Å"Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on me through their word; 21 That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that thou hast sent me.† 3. The Use of Political Means to Achieve Kingdom Ends Instead of being in the world, but not of the world, the Jews readily became part of the world by entering into the political system of the culture in an attempt to develop some level of security and ensure their prosperity. The use of political maneuvering was used during the entire 400 year period. For the most part it would be impossible to distinguish the political wrangling of the Jews from that of any other self-interest groups of the day. 4. The combining of church and state in the office of High Priest. The High Priest was supposed to monitor and ensure the spiritual welfare of the Jews. However in during the Intertestamental period, governmental authority was vested in that position by the ruling factions. We can observe the same thing in some churches today. We have Pastors who are not only empowered with the spiritual welfare of the church but are also given carte blanche authority over the governance of the church. And balancing those requirements is difficult at best. We must also consider the varying conquest strategies used by the nations that existed around the Jews. The Semitic nations, which included the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Ammonites, the Moabites and the Esau-ites deported those they conquered to be settled in foreign lands. Additionally, they had a policy of destroying the religion and culture of those they conquered. The Japhetic nations, which included the Medo-Persians, generally sent the conquered back to their homelands and granted some religious and political self-rule. The Hamitic nations, which included the Egyptians, the Canaanites, the Philistines and the Phoenicians, deported those they conquered and destroyed their culture and religion. Several sources were used to conduct this analysis and as can be expected, various divisions and time periods were used. For the purposes of this paper, we will divide the time period into the following divisions and use these associated dates: (1) 722-433 BC Antecedent Events; (2) 559-331 BC Persian and Medo-Persian Rule; (3) 368-323 BC Hellenistic (Greek) Rule; (4) 323-166 BC Ptolemies and Seleucids Rule; (5) 166-63 BC Jewish (Maccabean and Hasmonean) Self-Rule; (6) 63 BC AD 663 Roman (Herod) Rule. It is noted that the Intertestamental or Second Temple Period ended with the destruction of the Second Temple in AD 70. ANTECEDENT EVENTS722-433 BC There are events that took place prior to the Intertestamental Period that must be considered in this analysis. In 722 BC, Sargon the king of Assyria captured the Northern Kingdom (Israel) and deported the higher Jewish classes to Babylon. These deportations created spiritual crises for the Jews. But in addition, a lot of the cultural aspects of being a Jew were destroyed. According to Kostenberger, the monarchy was destroyed and the sanctuary which was the central focus for the Jewish faith was lost. The Jews, who apparently had a penchant for fitting in with foreign cultures found themselves in close proximity to Gentiles. This created moral and ceremonial problems for those living outside of Judea. In 587 BC, the exact same situations occurred when Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon captured the Southern Kingdom (Judah), destroying the Temple and Jerusalem. In 583 BC Cyrus, king of the Medo-Persian Empire, came to power and sent the captives home but only fifty thousand returned to rebuild the Temple. It is suggested that an equal number simply stayed in place opting not to return to an uncertain situation. With the goal of rebuilding the Temple, the Jews forbid the Samaritans to participate due to their mixed race heritage. Offended by this, the Samaritans became obstructionists delaying the building and eventually built their own temple further increasing the schism between the Jews and the Samaritans So we enter the Intertestamental Period with the Jews dispersed in several locales, experiencing and in some cases embracing foreign cultures to the detriment of their culture and faith and having been ruled and subjugated for generations. PERSIAN AND MEDO-PERSIAN RULE559-331 BC Historical Developments The Jews were delivered from their previous captivity by the Persians and for the most part were left undisturbed by the Persians. But they had new and enthusiastic rivals among the Samaritans who had not only delayed the building of the Jewish Temple, but had initiated their rival temple on Mount Gerizim, overlooking the ancient city of Shechem. Impacts on the Jews The remnant of Jews that returned was idolatrous and had lost any sense of reverence for the Scriptures. During this period, idolatry was purged from the Jews. They gained a new sense of reverence for the Scriptures. The Jews developed a firm grasp for the concept of monotheism and completed the Temple reaffirming it as the center of worship. HELLENISTIC (GREEK) RULE368-323 BC Historical Developments It can be defended that the Hellenistic (Greek) Rule Period actually started with the rule of Philip. Philip had brought the whole of Greece under his rule, and intended to lead the combined forces of his empire against the Persians. Some view this as a Macedonian event, but Philip had already embraced the Greek culture. One of Philip’s first acts was to have his young son, Alexander trained in Greek culture. However before Philip could complete his military efforts, he was assassinated and it was left to Alexander to complete his plans. Alexander the Great conquered Persia, Babylon, Palestine, Syria, Egypt and western India. Alexander’s Empire did not last long. In 323 he died of a fever at Babylon, before he had completed his thirty-third year. But even before his death, his followers carried the Greek language and culture all over the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia. Impacts on the Jews Caught between opposing forces the Jews lost all sense of security once again. They were immediately between two warring factions being pulled in both directions. This may have been one of the times when the Jews felt an overwhelming desire to fit in to avoid destruction. Hellenization, or embracing the Greek culture, was so powerful that from a cultural standpoint, the Greeks conquered Philip, Alexander and even the Romans when they showed up. The conquerors assumed the Greek language and eventually brought about the translation of the Old Testament into Greek (the Septuagint). Doing so also caused a rift between the Jews who were more traditional. PTOLEMIES AND SELEUCIDS RULE323-166 BC Historical Developments Pursuant to his death Alexander’s generals quarreled over who would succeed him. Alexander’s Empire was eventually divided into several parts. Of these parts only two are of any real concern as they had a major impact upon the Jews. These are the Macedonian kingdom of Egypt, with its capital at Alexandria ruled by the Ptolemies, and Macedonian kingdom of Syria with its capital at Antioch ruled by the Seleucids. By 300 B.C. we find two Macedonian dynasties firmly established in these capitals. Palestine lay between these two kingdoms. Impacts on the Jews Hayford indicates that the Jewish faith was seriously undermined by being in close proximity to Hellenism. The Jews started to neglect Jewish religious rites and customs. But this is not to say that the Jewish faith is inherently weaker than Greek culture. For the Jews, adherence to Greek culture was easier and it was simply more acceptable. But it did cause a schism between the Jews. Two sects emerged which included the Hellenizing party, which was pro-Syrian and the Hasidim party, which eventually became the Pharisees. Once again, we see a division among the Jews. JEWISH (MACCABEAN AND HASMONEAN) SELF-RULE166-63 BC Historical Developments As they were pulled in both directions by two Macedonian dynasties, a Jewish revolt erupted. A Syrian official pushed for a heathen sacrifice in the Jewish village of Modein. Led by the priest Mattathias and his sons Judas, Jonathan and Simon this revolt eventually led to Jewish independence. The Jews retook Jerusalem, cleansed the Temple and restored worship starting a period of Jewish self-rule. However, this was a period of self-rule with major factions competing against each other. Impacts on the Jews In addition to the conflicts with the Syrians, the position of high priest took on political overtones with the high priest being chosen not by Aaronite lineage but by political strength. It is even suggested that bribes were being paid to secure the office. This caused further schisms among the Jews strengthening both the Pharisees and the Sadducees. ROMAN (HEROD) RULE63 BC to AD 663 Historical Developments The self-rule of the Jews ended in 63 BC when Pompey took Syria and entered Israel. Under Roman rule Antipater the Idumaean was appointed procurator by Julius Caesar and was later succeeded by his son Herod. Herod was a converted Jew and yet was one of the most heinous leaders the world had ever seen. A summary of his reign would include marrying the Asmonaean princess, Marianne to secure the support of the Maccabeans; murdering Marianne and her two sons at the behest of his mother; executing his mother Alexandra; murdering forty-three members of the Sanhedrin; Hellenizing the country by erecting a Greek theatre in Jerusalem; restoring the Temple to increase his popularity with the Jews; murdering his son Antipater; and finally committing the slaughter of the infants at Bethlehem. Impacts on the Jews These atrocities by Herod led to the development of three other sects developed during this time which included the Zealots, the Herodians and the Essenes. So near the end of the Intertestamental Period, we find the Jews more fractured than ever before, under the rule of a foreign power and turning to some very questionable means in an attempt to bring about God’s ends. MAJOR PROBLEMS AND RESPONSE 1. With the collapse of the Persian Empire, which had a very lenient attitude toward self-identity and religious freedom for those they had conquered, the Jews had to deal with a series of Greek kings who had a strong belief in their cultural superiority. The Jews were bounded on all sides by other cultures the principle of which was the Greek culture. Bruce calls this ‘the progressive Hellenization of Palestinian Judaism’.. The Jews started to compromise their life style to fit in with the world. In so doing, they give up any real distinction between a righteous lifestyle and a worldly lifestyle. The Jews made the decision to assume the Greek culture in whole or in part with some of them totally abandoning the faith. Others developed a sort of bi-faith practice where they embraced some of their Jewish faith as well as some of the Greek culture. This alone put them at odds with some of the more hardline practitioners of the faith. 2. The Jews moved from ‘being one’ to being ‘multiple standalone sects’. The rise of the Jewish sects resulted from the clash between Hellenism and the Jewish religion and culture. Taylor states that the Hellenism elements were dangerous to the purity of the Jewish faith and formed the new temptation to unfaithfulness just as idolatry had been to their forefathers. The Sadducees Under Jewish self-rule the Sadducees emerge as the party closely associated with the leading priestly families. It is thought that their name was derived from the priest Zadok, whose descendants are commended as faithful priests in Ezek. 44:15. The Sadducees observed only the Pentateuch and were the major supporters of the Hasmonean dynasty. As the ruling aristocracy in Jerusalem, they had a vested interest in maintaining the status quo and with pressure from other sects there was a need to align themselves with the non-Jew ruling powers. They held a majority on the Sanhedrin and were allied with the Pharisees in having Jesus crucified. They held to a literal interpretation of the Law, liberal religious views and feared trouble with Rome. The Pharisees The Pharisees were the largest and most influential Jewish sects. They practiced a form of righteousness that observed a complex system of oral traditions in an effort to flesh out the implications of scriptural commends for everyday life. They were dedicated to teaching both the written and the oral Law attaching great importance to traditions. Consequently they practiced ritual prayer, fasting and tithing. They strictly kept the Sabbath and many other rules for everyday life; devised legal loopholes for their convenience. Their main goals were the restoration of religious freedom and the cessation of the connection between politics and the high priesthood. Their popularity among the people increased steadily. Most of the scribes, or popular teachers of the law, belonged to the Pharisaic party. Politically, the Pharisees were the power brokers between the masses and the aristocracy. They were scrupulous about the Law and viewed themselves as separate from those who were lax about keeping it. The Zealots The Zealots were almost a military arm of the faith and were increasingly interested in political freedom. Their means were very aggressive and won the bulk of Jews to their cause They advocated the violent overthrow of Rome, refused to pay taxes and regarded any loyalty to Caesar or Rome a as sin. Their opposition to Jesus may have come from His discourse â€Å"They say unto him, Caesars. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesars; and unto God the things that are Gods.† The Essenes The Essenes were one of the smaller sects and little is known of their origins. Their solution to the pressure and sects was to completely withdraw from society. They formed a sect that completely lived in seclusion. They turned to a philosophy that said we’re not of the world; neither will we be in the world. The Herodians The Herodians were a sect of influential Jews who were wholly politically minded. They still called themselves Jews but had pretty much left the faith. Even with his long list of atrocities, they completely supported Herod and by implication the Romans. This was their method of surviving when facing the pressures and challenges of the occupation and the various sects around them. 3. The Use of Political Means to Achieve Kingdom Ends The Jews, having lost belief in the ability of their faith to support them in their occupied and factional state turned to the use of secular politics to control their environment. Eventually, they came to pay little attention to the spiritual ideals of Israel. Their chief aim was secular power and aggrandizement. This can only be viewed as completely giving up the idea of being God’s people and in effect just throwing in the towel. 4. The combining of church and state in the office of High Priest. Carroll speaks of the evils involved with combining church and state. First you have religious power and governing power all handed to one individual. This can open to door to the state then having a say in who should receive those powers. Having this much power up for grabs sooner or later will result in the position becoming a matter of barter and sale. CONCLUSION These are major problems facing the Jewish people, but of them all, the greatest has to be the continued fracturing of the people into smaller and smaller self-interest groups. So the greatest threat to the Jewish people during the Intertestamental Period was not the warring factions around them. Not even the heinous actions of a tyrannical leader, but rather their own willingness to cease ‘being one’. There is an African Proverb that states â€Å"when there is no enemy within, the enemy without can do us no harm.† The Jews, in their attempts to meet the challenges around them were doing themselves great harm. But the Intertestamental period is a preface to the coming of Jesus. And it would be difficult to find a better time for the One who would unite all things under Himself. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bruce, F.F. The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 64. Carroll, Benajah Harvey. Between the Testaments, A Class on Biblical History. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminar, Fort Worth, Texas. 1914. Gene Taylor. 2005. Between the Testaments: A Study of the 400 Years of Biblical Silence and the Relevant Empires. http://www.padfield.com/acrobat/taylor/between.pdf [Accessed July 25, 2013]. Hayford, Jack W. 1995, Hayford’s Bible Handbook: The Complete Companion for Spirit-Filled Bible Study. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers. Kostenbergen, Andreas J., L. Scott Kellum and C. L. Quarles. 2009, The Cradle, The Cross and the Crown. Nashville: BH Publishing Group. [ 1 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 12. [ 2 ]. John 17:20-21 [ 3 ]. Benajah Harvey Carroll. Between the Testaments, A Class on Biblical History. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminar, Fort Worth, Texas. 1914, 6-8. [ 4 ]. Andreas J. Kostenberger, L. Scott Kellum and C. L. Quarles, The Cradle, The Cross and the Crown, (BH Publishing Group, 2009), 63. [ 5 ]. Benajah Harvey Carroll. Between the Testaments, A Class on Biblical History. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminar, Fort Worth, Texas. 1914, 6-8. [ 6 ]. Jack W. Hayford, Hayford’s Bible Handbook: The Complete Companion for Spirit-Filled Bible Study Nashville: (Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995), 507. [ 7 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 10. [ 8 ]. Jack W. Hayford, Hayford’s Bible Handbook: The Complete Companion for Spirit-Filled Bible Study Nashville: (Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995), 507-508. [ 9 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 10. [ 10 ]. Jack W. Hayford, Hayford’s Bible Handbook: The Complete Companion for Spirit-Filled Bible Study Nashville: (Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995), 508. [ 11 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 11. [ 12 ]. Jack W. Hayford, Hayford’s Bible Handbook: The Complete Companion for Spirit-Filled Bible Study Nashville: (Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995), 508. [ 13 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 11. [ 14 ]. Jack W. Hayford, Hayford’s Bible Handbook: The Complete Companion for Spirit-Filled Bible Study Nashville: (Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995), 509. [ 15 ]. Ibid, 510. [ 16 ]. Ibid, 510. [ 17 ]. Ibid, 511. [ 18 ]. Benajah Harvey Carroll. Between the Testaments, A Class on Biblical History. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminar, Fort Worth, Texas. 1914, 42-43. [ 19 ]. Jack W. Hayford, Hayford’s Bible Handbook: The Complete Companion for Spirit-Filled Bible Study Nashville: (Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995), 511. [ 20 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 11. [ 21 ]. Gene Taylor. 2005. Between the Testaments: A Study of the 400 Years of Biblical Silence and the Relevant Empires. http://www.padfield.com/acrobat/taylor/between.pdf [Accessed July 25, 2013], 33. [ 22 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 63. [ 23 ]. Andreas J. Kostenberger, L. Scott Kellum and C. L. Quarles, The Cradle, The Cross and the Crown, (BH Publishing Group, 2009), 72. [ 24 ]. Ibid, 95. [ 25 ]. Gene Taylor. 2005. Between the Testaments: A Study of the 400 Years of Biblical Silence and the Relevant Empires. http://www.padfield.com/acrobat/taylor/between.pdf [Accessed July 25, 2013], 35. [ 26 ]. Ibid, 34. [ 27 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 64. [ 28 ]. Andreas J. Kostenberger, L. Scott Kellum and C. L. Quarles, The Cradle, The Cross and the Crown, (BH Publishing Group, 2009), 72. [ 29 ]. Gene Taylor. 2005. Between the Testaments: A Study of the 400 Years of Biblical Silence and the Relevant Empires. http://www.padfield.com/acrobat/taylor/between.pdf [Accessed July 25, 2013], 35. [ 30 ]. Mt 22:21 [ 31 ]. Gene Taylor. 2005. Between the Testaments: A Study of the 400 Years of Biblical Silence and the Relevant Empires. http://www.padfield.com/acrobat/taylor/between.pdf [Accessed July 25, 2013], 35. [ 32 ]. Ibid, 35. [ 33 ]. F.F. Bruce, The Period Between The Testaments: I, Political Development. Department of Biblical History and Literature in the University of Sheffield, 1949, 64. [ 34 ]. Benajah Harvey Carroll. Between the Testaments, A Class on Biblical History. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminar, Fort Worth, Texas. 1914, 11.

Human Resource Management the employer employee relationship

Human Resource Management the employer employee relationship The main focal point of human resource management (HRM) is on managing people within the employer-employee relationship, in more specific terms, it involves the productive use of people in accomplishing the firms strategic business objectives and the satisfaction of individual employee needs. As HRM is a strategic process incorporating the interests of the firm and the individuals, it goes far beyond a set of activities co-ordinating human resources related practices. HRM specifically is a major contributor to the success of an enterprise because it is in a key position to affect customers, business results and ultimately shareholder value (Gubman, 1995; Wright, McMahan McWilliams, 1994). HRM in a sense is classified as management, but management is more than HRM. HRM is only a sector of management which deals with individuals, whereas management also includes other functions that is marketing, research and development, etc. Managers manage people and the role of the HR Manger is somewhat changing and becoming more relevant to organisations due to our fast paced and growing society. Due to the changing trends within technology, diversity, ethics and globalisation it creates a perception of what functions the modern HR manger undertakes in order to react to competition and create organisational success. Some companies might consider the role of a HR manager to be only a minor driving force of their strategic objectives, whereas others may argue this case and indicate the increasing role that the HR manager plays in their strategic success. By defining the concept of HRM with relations to strategic business and people relations hopefully, this will give you a greater understanding of the roles that a HR manager performs in the workforce. 2) Summary of articles: In a paragraph or two for each study, briefly explain the purpose, how it was conducted (how information was gathered), and the major findings. When referring to an article, use the last name of author or authors and date of publication in the text. Example: Calvin and Brommel (1996) believe family communication. Communication serves two primary functions in familiescohesion and adaptability (Galvin and Brommel, 1996). The role of the HR manager has been and is still currently changing drastically. We see that the concept of HRM has gone through many transformations in order to get to the current HRM practices that are followed today. Its origins erected from the Industrial Revolution where the workers did not have any protection and undertook dull jobs. As an expansion from this concept an adoption of Taylorism which seen jobs being broken down into various elements in which was the most efficient way of performing the job. Post Taylorism the Trade Union movement involved the collective bargaining process and combated against unfair labour practices and introduced laws with relevance to pay and benefits. This idea was later enhanced by the Human Relations movement and driven by Elton Mayo which identified that there are vast psychological and social factors that affect the performance of an employee, thus resulting in the productivity output. We see now that the Human Resources approach dominates the workplaces, which is based on job satisfaction and motivating employees. This new philosophy within the HR context which focuses on the long term approaches and adopts encourages the dual contribution of management and employees in order to achieve the strategic goals of the organisations.In the recent past, many organisations thought of the HR role as simply a support service to the real operations departments of the firm (Buhler, 1999). There was a period when the majority of human resource activity was in processing the payroll, so that the human resource section formed part of the Finance and Administration department (Santiago, 2003). Stone (2008) indicates that as HRM becomes more business oriented and strategically focused in which four methods of HR can help deliver organisational excellence (Ulrich, 1997). Firstly, HR should assist with the strategic implementation with the firm (Strategic Partner). Secondly, the efficiency and effectiveness should be contributed by HR in order to increase the performance of work and as an outcome maintain the quality and be cost effective (Administrative Expert). Moreover, ensure that there is a balance of representation towards employees and senior management in order to ensure that employees contribute to the organisation to express commitment to the organisation (Employee Champion). Lastly, HR should, on a regular basis, assist in the changing process to enhance the organisations capacity to grow and react to competition (Change Agent). According to Ulrich (1997), the key to the HR role as a strategic partner is the participation of HR in the process of defining business strategy, not merely responding to the strategy edicts presented by senior management. HR professionals play a strategic partner role when they have the ability to translate business strategy into action (Ulrich, 1997). In a sense, this makes leverage or way for the HR manager and facilitates them into the business team. In other words, the HR manager must be able develop business like acumen and adapt their expertise and skills and link them to the business strategy to HR policies and practices. Alas, (Nankervis, 2000) that the strategic partner role is not being fulfilled, research indicates that executives position such as CEOs do not adequately involve their HR managers within the business strategy field. P9:50. There is an awareness that proves that there is a necessity and growing need for the HR managers to become active in the strategic leve l and identify that that the significance of HRM have a competitive advantage. P9:53 (Fisher and Dowling). In saying that practices and policies in HR need to be sophisticatedly up to date and consistently need to be reviewed so that it doesnt lead to alienation, reduced motivation and labour unrest (Jackson, 2002) P9:52. Evidently Australia comparing its statistics on a global scale (McCaw and Harley, 2003) they are behind or in other words lagging. P9:51 Administrative expert = refers to the efficiency of HR managers and the effective management of HR activities (i.e. RS, TD, PM, Rewarding) so that they create value Ulrich (1997) outlines that HR professionals must be able to re-engineer HR activities through use of technology, rethinking and redesigning work processes and the continuous improvement of all organisational processes; see HR as creating value, and measure HR results in terms of efficiency )cost and effectiveness (quality) P9:54 Employee champion = requires the HR manager to be the employees voice in management discussions Be able to meet needs of employees Ulrich (1997) achievable by being employees voice in management discussion by being fair and principled, assuring that the concerns of employees are being hears, finding new resources to perform jobs successfully. P10:56 Change agent = a person who acts as a catalyst for change In other words the channel for change in the org. or firm Can be achieved through (Brockbank, Ulrich, 1994) leading change in HR functions and by developing problem solving communication and influence skills. In other words how to manage change A past CEO of Sharp once said all companies have access to the same information and the same technology. The true difference in our firms, he suggested, is found in our people (Buhler, 1999). People are the core of a companys competitive success in the marketplace, and this is where the HR department becomes critical to a firms success (Buhler, 1999). The HR departments today are emphasising higher value activities with company wide benefits that add value to the organisation (Buhler, 1999). Achieving organisational excellence must be the work of HR (Ulrich, 1998). The work of HR cannot be disconnected from the real work of the firm, but rather must be clearly integrated with the work of the business More organisations are restructuring their human resource departments to reflect the true partnership with operational managers throughout the firm (Buhler, 1999). Some organisations choose to structure in a more centralised manner with a corporate HR department that supports each of the strategic business units Including specialists providing service to SBUs This structure allows for HR employees to become resident experts in their given field and the managers throughout the organisation benefit from this expertise (Buhler, 1999). The most important part of the role change for HR is change in perspective of managers, meaning managers must view their HR counterparts as true strategic partners rather than as administrative support appendages to the company (Buhler, 1999). When managers utilise their human resource partners to their full extent, they can realise much higher levels of performance in their own units (Buhler, 1999) The recognition that all managers in the firm are essentially HR managers (Buhler, 1999). There is a relationship between line managers and HR professionals (staff) which has been viewed as adversarial in the past (Buhler, 1999). Today however, the new perspective requires each side perceive the relationship as an interdependent one, one whereby each needs each other (Buhler, 1999). Saul conducted as part of Industry Task Force on Leadership and Management Skills (1995) found major changes in the work and job design of first line supervisors. They found there had been a major shift in their role from cop to coach. This required a significant increase in leadership, communication, interpersonal and learning competencies. It also required them to be proactive and resourceful problems solvers In addition, the role of the HR departments is being transformed as line managers assume greater responsibility for a number of people management activities and as HR specialists focus more closely on integrating HR and corporate strategy. (Kramar 1999) In view of the ongoing debate about the future of HR managers and departments (Pfeffer, 1994: 190-6) it will be increasingly important for HR professionals to demonstrate how they contribute to organisational effectiveness in both the short and long term. Today, HR departments are expected to contribute to organisational performance (Ettore, et al., 1996; Fitz-enz, 1994; Matthes, 1993) and many organisations now believe that the success of the strategic management process largely depends on the extent to which the HR function is involved (Butler, et al., 1991) To better manage this human factor, organisations continue to move toward a SHRM approach (Martell and Carroll, 1995). SHRM refers to the pattern of planned HR deployments and activities intended to enable an organisation to achieve its goals (Wright and McMahan, 1992: 298). The trend towards and enlarged role for HR managers in strategic planning calls for researchers to gain a better understanding of the perceptions of HR managers regarding the effectiveness of their organisations and the factors they use to judge organisational effectiveness. (Zellars Fiorito, 1999) 3) Conclusion: Briefly summarize the major findings of the studies chosen. Comments about what questions need to still be answered may be included. 4) Reference List Ulrich, D. (1997) Harvard Resource Champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivery results, Boston, Harvard Business School Press Zellars, K.L. Fiorito, J., (1999), Evaluations of Organisational Effectiveness Among HR Managers: cues and implications, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 11(1), pp. 37-55 Buhler, P.M. (1999), Managing in the 90s the changing role of HR, partnering with managers SuperVision. vol. 60(6), pp. 16-18. Wright, P. G. McMahan, (1992). Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource Management, Journal of Management, 18: 295-320 Butler, J., G. Ferris N. Napier, (1991) Strategy and Human Resource Management, Cincinnati, OH: Southernwestern Publishing Co. Matthes, K. S. Carroll, (1995), How Strategic is HRM? Human Resource Management, 34: 253-267 Ettore, B., D.J. McNerney B. Smith, (1996), HRs shift to a center of inflence, HR focus 73(6): 12 (5) Fitz-enz, J. (1994) HRs New Score Card, Personnel Journal, 73(2): 84(4) Gubman, E.L. (1995) People are more valuable than ever, Compensation and Benefits Review, 27(1), p.12; and Wright, P.M. McMahan, G.C., and McWilliams, A. (1994) Human Resources and sustained competitive advantage: a resource-based perspective, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), pp. 301-26. From architecture to audit Harvard Business Review (January-February 1998): Ulrich, Dave: A new Mandate for Human Resources Pfeffer, J. (1994), Competitive advantage through people. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press Pfeffer, J. (1997) Does Human resources have a future in D Ulrich, M. Losey and G. Lake (eds), Tomorrows HR management, (pp.190-6). New York: John Wiley Sons Sheldrake, P. Saul, P. (1995) First line managers: a study of the changing role and skills of first line managers. In industry Task Force on Leadership and Management Skills, Enterprising nation: renewing Australias managers to meet the challenges of Asia-Pacific Century. Karpin Report, Canberra-AGPS Kramar, R. (1999) Policies for managing People in Australia: what has changed in the 1990s, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 37(24), pp. 26-32 Seven (7) dimensions of effective people management (HRM) that produce sustainability enhanced economic performance: Employment security Rigorous selection Self managed teams and decentralised decision making Comparatively high compensation linked to individual and organisational performance Extensive training Reduced status distinctions Extensive sharing of financial and performance information throughout the organisation Pfeffer (2008) P44 (8) Other indications of extensive research within the field illustrate that such high performance HR management policies and practices generate profitability gains, share price increases, higher company survival rates increase sales, higher export growth and lower labour turnover P44 (10) In other words the new sources of sustainable competitive advantage available to organisations have people at the centre their creativity and talent, their inspirations and hopes, their dreams and excitement (Stone, 2008) Stone (2008, P9) indicates that as HRM becomes more business oriented and strategically focused, four key roles for the HR manager can be identified: Strategic partner Administrative expert Employee champion Change agent Human resource management (HRM) is basically the policies and practices that influence employees behavior, attitudes, and performance within an organization. There are several important practices involved in HRM: analyzing work and designing jobs, attracting potential employees (recruiting), choosing employees (selection), teaching employees how to perform their jobs and preparing them for the future (training and development), evaluating their performance (performance management), rewarding employees (compensation), creating a positive work environment (employee relations), and supporting the organizations strategy (HR planning and change management) (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 19). These practices have now begun to branch into the different trends that makeup many organizations today. E-business has been a huge part of human resources. A lot of companies have adopted a web-base system know as the Oracle Human Resources Management System (HRMS). This allows access to centralized workforce data through a core HRMS system not only enables companies to measure and leverage their workforce capabilities, it also allow them to manage risk by monitoring and recording compliance with statutory, regulatory, and industry requirements relating to their employees.(AME Info, n.d.). The stronger use of technology has allowed HRM professionals to invest more time in counseling, outreach, more careful selection, and coaching managers and front-line supervisors. Senior level human resource executives are being brought into the CEOs office as corporate leaders recognize how critical human resource capability is to their success. The growing integration of economies and societies around the world has resulted in most organization to rely on globalization. To guard against the downside of global competition, HRM must be more proactive in recruiting and maintaining a responsive and efficient work force. Planning should start at the early stages so that organizations do not bloat needlessly. Human resource managers must be able to map out human resource strategies such that flexible, dynamic employees are attracted, selected and then trained and motivated to be more productive than the competition (Santiago, in press). In every organization ethics should be include in business decisions as well as HRM decisions, but the evidence suggests that is not always what happens. Recent surveys indicate that the general public and managers do not have positive perceptions of the ethical conduct of U.S. businesses (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 19). In the context of ethical human resource management, HR managers must view employees as having basic rights. Such a view reflects ethical principles embodied in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Ethical, successful companies act according to four principles. First, in their relationships with customers, vendors, and clients, ethical and successful companies emphasize mutual benefits. Second, employees assume responsibility for the actions of the company (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 19). Third, such companies have a sense of purpose or vision that employees value and use in their day-to-day work. Finally, they emphasize fairness; that is, another persons interests count as much as their own (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 19). HRM has a key role in transforming the organizational culture so that it more closely reflects the values of our diverse workforce. Some of the reason why diversity has become such a key word in human resources is that Women and minorities are now playing a significant role in society. Women are now major bread winners for the family as they takeover roles of leadership and decision making positions. A large majority of the working population now balances career responsibilities as well as dependent children. There is also an increased number of dual income families as well as changes made to the conventional family structure with single parent families (Small Business Bible, n.d.). Some of the skills needed to understand diversity are: an understanding and acceptance of managing diversity concepts, recognition that diversity is threaded through every aspect of management , self-awareness, in terms of understanding your own culture, identity, biases, prejudices, and stereotypes ,will ingness to challenge and change institutional practices that present barriers to different groups (Berkeley, n.d.). In conclusion, HRM policies and practices influence employees behavior, attitudes, and performance within an organization. Some companies might consider it to be an important part of the companys strategic plan as well as aiding in developing and implementing the organizational goals. It is safe to say that HRM is the key to helping organizations deal with the rapid change of technology, diversity, e-business, and ethics and growing demands to better serve customers and to better differentiate themselves from competitors.