Bloody bawdy villain! Essay

Is there anything more to say about Claudius’s role and characterization in the play? Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era. It is widely believed to be one of his greatest plays, although not everybody agrees, T. S. Eliot calls it an ‘artistic failure’ and contrasts the play to that of Mona Lisa, claiming that Hamlet is the â€Å"Mona Lisa of literature. † Nevertheless, Hamlet has been debated over the centuries by the greatest scholars of the generations. The play revolves much around the corruption of the State and Crown of Denmark; Hamlet calls Denmark â€Å"an unweeded garden†. Claudius is the central antagonist in the play, and is the focus of revenge throughout the play. Not only did Claudius commit regicide and patricide, but he also effectively stolen Hamlet’s God given right to rule and married his mother hastily after the death of his father. Millions of words on thousands of books and articles have been written on Hamlet. They stand in ironic contrast to Hamlet’s final words â€Å"The rest is silence|. The ghost of King Hamlet appears early on in the play and claims that his brother Claudius is responsible for his death, referring to Claudius as a ‘serpent’ which has connotations of poison and evil. In the gospel of Matthew, Jesus tells the twelve apostles to be â€Å"wise as serpents, and harmless as doves†. The Book of Revelations, however, implied a connection between the serpent of the Garden of Eden and Satan, and as a result the snake for Christians lost their earlier associations with wisdom and healing and became symbolic of evil. Once the truth is revealed to Hamlet by the ghost, Hamlet swears an oath to avenge his father’s murder and becomes increasingly obsessed with exposing Claudius as a ‘bloody bawdy villain’ which results in the production of the ‘The Murder of Gonzago’ which clearly reflects the murder of his own father. Although Claudius attempts to repent his sins and prays to God for forgiveness, he only does so after he becomes suspicious of Hamlet, â€Å"madness in great ones must not unwatched go†. Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius at the chapel for while he is in a state of grace, he may be entered into heaven, which clearly would not be just revenge. Although, Claudius cannot pray for he is still in possession of the rewards of his murder, the Crown and the Queen, â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go†. Therefore in order to repent and to be admitted into heaven, Claudius must give up his thorn and his wife, since Claudius is unwilling to do either the audience must assume that he is not truly remorseful of his crime. To add insult to injury, Claudius is married to Hamlet’s mother. Hamlet therefore doubts whether or not his mother had any involvement within the murder of his father considering their hasty marriage hereafter. Not only has Claudius murdered his brother and the former king, he also attempts to kill his nephew and the rightful king of Denmark. Claudius becomes worried that Hamlet has discovered his secret and sends Hamlet to England for his death. However, when this fails Claudius cowardly attempts to persuade the melancholy Laertes to kill Hamlet in a duel with a poisoned sword. Claudius has committed a multitude of sins, his character is deceitful and cowardly. His greed caused the death of many and he was deceitful throughout the play all the characters. What agitates me the most is the friendly attitude Claudius seems to display towards Hamlet â€Å"But now my cousin Hamlet, and my son† this to me seems extremely insensitive. At the end of the play, Hamlet achieves his revenge upon Claudius, but many innocent lives were lost in the process; Ophelia, Polonius, Laertes and Gertrude. Claudius says in Act 5, Scene 2 â€Å"Our son shall win†. Claudius is cowardly character is evoked until the play of the play, Claudius could have saved his wife from death, although he says â€Å"Gertrude, do not drink! † He could have spared her life by declaring the cup was poisoned or by forcibly taking the drink from her, instead Claudius watches as his wife drinks from the poisoned cup which he had prepared, she died by his hand. It is not until Laertes proclaims â€Å"Thy mother’s poisoned- I can no more- the king, the king’s to blame† that Hamlet gains his just revenge. There are no positive qualities of Claudius evoked throughout the play. He is indeed a ‘bloody bawdy villain! Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindles villain. † Claudius deserved his fate, he was a tyrannical dictator who achieved his throne through bloodshed and dishonor. Hamlet remains one of Shakespeare greatest works due to the realism and diversity of the play. Shakespeare uses the image of rottenness in the play to suggest to the audience that a rotten king makes a rotten country and the greed and ego of one man can bring the country to its knees. Shakespeare achieves this by using metaphors; â€Å"unweeded garden† â€Å"serpent† and â€Å"maggots†, Shakespeare uses the theme of corruption to evoke to the audience that â€Å"power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely†.

Nature of Linguistic Sign by Ferdinand de Saussure Essay

1. Sign, Signified Signifier Some people regard language, when reduced to its elements as a naming-process only–a list of words, each corresponding to the thing that it names. For example: operation–an assumption that is anything but true. But this rather naive approach can bring us near the truth by showing us that the linguistic unit is a double entity, one formed by the associating of two terms. We This conception is open to criticism at several points. It assumes that ready-made ideas exist before words; it does not tell us whether a name is vocal or psychological in nature (arbor, for instance, can be considered from either viewpoint); finally, it lets us assume that the linking of a name and a thing is a very simple have seen in considering the speaking-circuit that both terms involved in the linguistic sign are psychological and are united in the brain by an associative bond. This point must be emphasized. The linguistic sign unites, not a thing and a name, but a concept and a sound-image. The latter is not the material sound, a purely thing, but the psychological imprint of the sound, the impression that it makes on our senses. The sound-image is sensory, and if I happen to call it â€Å"material,† it is only in that sense, and by way of opposing it to the other term of the association, the concept, which is generally more abstract. The psychological character of our sound-images becomes apparent when we observe our own speech. Without moving our lips or tongue, we can talk to ourselves or recite mentally a selection of verse. Because we regard the words of our language as sound-images, we must avoid speaking of the â€Å"phonemes† that make up the words. This term, which suggests vocal activity, is applicable to the spoken word only, to the realization of the inner image in discourse. We can avoid that misunderstanding by speaking of the sounds and syllables of a word provided we remember that the names refer to the sound-image. The linguistic sign is then a two-sided psychological entity that can be represented by the drawing: The two elements are intimately united, and each recalls the other. Whether we try to find the meaning of the Latin word arbor or the word that Latin uses to designate the concept â€Å"tree,† it is clear that only the associations sanctioned by that languageappear to us to conform to reality, and we disregard whatever others might be imagined. Our definition of the linguistic sign poses an important question of terminology. I call the combination of a concept and a sound-image a sign, but in current usage the term generally designates only a sound-image, a word, for example (arbor, etc.). One tends to forget that arbor is called a sign only because it carries the concept â€Å"tree,† with the result that the idea of the sensory part implies the idea of the whole. Ambiguity would disappear if the three notions involved here were designated by three names, each suggesting and opposing the others. I propose to retain the word sign [signe] to designate the whole and to replace concept and sound-image respectively by signified [signifià ©] and signifier [signifiant]; the last two terms have the advantage of indicating the opposition that separates them from each other and from the whole of which they are parts. As regards sign, if I am satisfied with it, this is simply because I do not know of any word to replace it, the ordinary language suggesting no other. The linguistic sign, as defined, has two primordial characteristics. In enunciating them I am also positing the basic principles of any study of this type. 2. Principle I: the Arbitrary Nature of the Sign The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary. Since I mean by sign the whole that results from the associating of the signifier with the signified, I can simply say: the linguistic sign is arbitrary. The idea of â€Å"sister† is not linked by any inner relationship to the succession of sounds s-ïÆ'Ëœ-r which serves as its signifier in French; that it could be represented equally by just any other sequence is proved by differences among languages and by the very existence of different languages: the signifiedâ€Å"ox† has as its signifier b-ïÆ'Ëœ-f on one side of the border and o-k-s (Ochs) on the other. No one disputes the principle of the arbitrary nature of the sign, but it is often easier to discover a truth than to assign to it its proper place. Principle I dominates all the linguistics of language; its consequences are numberless. It is true that not all of them are equally obvious at first glance; only after many detours does one discover them, and with them the primordial importance of the principle. One remark in passing: when semiology becomes organized as a science, the question will arise whether or not it properly includes modes of expression based on completely natural signs, such as pantomime. Supposing that the new science welcomes them, its main concern will still be the whole group of systems grounded on the arbitrariness of the sign. In fact, every means of expression used in society is based in principle on collective behavior or–what amounts to the same thing–on convention. Polite formulas, for instance, though often imbued with a certain natural expressiveness (as in the case of a Chinese who greets his emperor by bowing down to the ground nine times), are nonetheless fixed by rule; it is this rule and not the intrinsic value of the gestures that obliges one to use them. Signs that are wholly arbitrary realize better than the others the ideal of the semiological process; that is why language, the most complex and universal of all systems of expression, is also the most characteristic; in this sense linguistics can become the master-pattern for all branches of semiology although language is only one particular semiological system. The word symbol has been used to designate the linguistic sign, or more specifically, what is here called the signifier. Principle I in particular weighs against the use of this term. One characteristic of the symbol is that it is never wholly arbitrary; it is not empty, for there is the rudiment of a natural bond between the signifier and the signified. The symbol of justice, a pair of scales, could not be replaced by just any other symbol, such as a chariot. The word arbitrary also calls for comment. The term should not imply that the choice of the signifier is left entirely to the speaker (we shall see below that the individual does not have the power to change a sign in any way once it has become established in the linguistic community); I mean that it is unmotivated, i.e. arbitrary in that it actually has no natural connection with the signified. 3. Principle II: the Linear Nature of the Signifier The signifier, being auditory, is unfolded solely in time from which it gets the following characteristics: (a) it represents a span, and (b) the span is measurable in a single dimension; it is a line. While Principle II is obvious, apparently linguists have always neglected to state it, doubtless because they found it too simple; nevertheless, it is fundamental, and its consequences are incalculable. Its importance equals that of Principle I; the whole mechanism of language depends upon it. In contrast to visual signifiers (nautical signals, etc.) which can offer simultaneous groupings in several dimensions, auditory signifiers have at their command only the dimension of time. Their elements are presented in succession; they form a chain. This feature becomes readily apparent when they are represented in writing and the spatial line of graphic marks is substituted for succession in time. Sometimes the linear nature of the signifier is not obvious. When I accent a syllable, for instance, it seems that I am concentrating more than one significant element on the same point. But this is an illusion; the syllable and its accent constitute only one phonational act. There is no duality within the act but only different oppositions to what precedes and what follows.

Why Do Students Cheat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why Do Students Cheat - Essay Example The major factors that have been highlighted by researchers as amongst the major causes of cheating are limited time available to students, the prevailing culture that encourages cheating, weak regulations and punishments that discourage students from cheating in future as well as getting the opportunities to cheat. These causes have been explored in greater depth and their strength in leading students towards cheating has been highlighted. Cheating, often termed as academic dishonesty, is a frequently reported academic crime by various colleges and universities. According to the statistics by Duke University, approximately 10% of students in their graduating year had been guilty of cheating (Conlin). Further research in this area has explained the fact that cheating is not the story of just one college or university; it is the story of most universities and colleges across the globe. So much is the frequency of cheating that it has been defined as â€Å"rampant† according to one study (Simkin and McLeod). Statistics have depicted a continuous rise in the percentage of college students who have cheated, from 60% to as high as 86% (Whitley). The phenomenon of cheating is a matter of great concern not only to academic institutions today but also employers because it has been observed that cheating at the college level translates to immoral behavior at the workplace. Researchers have found a link between cheating and unethical practices at work (Thompson). Cheating is, thus, rooted in individuals’ attitudes towards dishonesty and is less a superficial practice and more of a serious issue. Thus, dishonesty in academics translates to dishonesty at work. A less obvious form of cheating is the practice of individuals who, for a large fee worth several dollars, take the test for an individual (Simkin and McLeod). A significant cause of cheating is the access to technology, particularly the internet that has encouraged the practice of cheating. The interne t has boosted options for students to cheat; it provides various channels through which students can view solution manuals, test banks and quizzes (Simkin and McLeod). Exchange of solutions to future test questions amongst students is another major aspect of cheating. The mobile technology has also been used to take images of test papers as well as text the correct answers to students during exams. However, this has raised questions as to what are acceptable practices and what are not. If individuals are to succeed in managerial positions, they have to engage in sharing of information and resources as well as team work. According to some individuals, the practice of getting one’s exam written by someone else is seen as a sign of creativity on the part of students who look for new ways of succeeding (Conlin). According to these individuals, what matters is the concern that students have for getting the work done correctly, not the means through which it is done. Those who are against the practice of cheating, however, argue that cheating is looked down upon because it degrades the reputation of institutions, reduces the value of the degrees given to students, and results in dissatisfaction of employees who find that their employees are unable to perform the tasks that are depicted by their majors (Knowledge). In an interesting study regarding cheating in business schools, it was pointed out that business schools struggle to encourage ethical principles in students so that they display ethical behavior at workplace. This goes along with the expectation that business schools will put special effort to encourage ethical principles in students such that they will display true professionalism at work. The concern for cheating is especially high for business

Emotions Revealed. Nonverbal Communication Essay

Emotions Revealed. Nonverbal Communication - Essay Example The instance is because the expressions convey information of what an individual is thinking and the next immediate at that is most probable to happen. The emotions tend to express different aspects of information. Typically, there are different types of information that are the same to all humans no matter the background of originality. Some of the general emotions convey happiness, anger, loathing, fear, sadness and surprise. The information in turn implies certain facts that may result. For instance, in the case if anger a person is most likely to fight since the feeling moves the blood to the hands. On the contrary, a person whose emotions express fear is most liable to run since his or her body streams blood to the legs (Lei, 2013). There cannot be an emotion without facial expressions. The instance is because the two events tend to be natural and mostly the person with the passion might not have control over the same. The most probable scenario is that the facial expressions are too minute to notice under normal circumstances. The clip puts forward that a person can see less than a hundred expressions whereas there may be over a thousand feelings that are probably of happening. The instance thus requires training to see all the expressions that are useful in the treatment, as well as the acts of investigations. Individuals differ in their facial expressions depending on the area that the phrase originates on the face. The instance also may be different since some expressions may be voluntary while other expressions may be out of control. The different emotions also create the diversity in the facial expression that may occur. In addition, different people tend to have different responses to various scenarios that may establish a difference in the phrase that results. The seven categories express different expressions as per the emotions. Anger tends to involve the pulling down of the eyebrows whereby the lips may tighten. Fear

Informatics Nurse Specialists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Informatics Nurse Specialists - Essay Example The department where I work, critical care department, incorporates an information system referred to as subject-based system. In this department, patients who need intensive care are frequently relocated from other hospitals or other sections of the same hospital. The subject-based system captures and stores information derived from a patient's name or a medical record number. The system can also display information derived from a doctor’s name. For instance, doctors can see the list of all their patients who are currently in the hospital. It records all patients who have ever attended the hospital. The system is, in short, a database for all patients’ records. This system relates to nursing informatics in that the specialists also need to have background information regarding the patient that they are looking after. Hence, nurses also play a vital role in the development of this system. An informatics nurse specialist is responsible for collecting and analyzing data a nd planning the design of information systems. Informatics nurse specialists train and oversee the work of nurses and administrators (Ball, 2007). In this role, their aims would consist of improving treatment and administration regimens, workflow procedures, record keeping practices, and health decision-making practices. Some of the essential skills that informatics nurse specialists have are critical thinking, active learning, reading comprehension, system analysis, and system evaluation. Informatics nurse specialists use logic and reasoning to discover strengths and weaknesses of alternative answers, approaches, or conclusions regarding health issues (Ball, 2007). They understand the consequences of fresh information for both present and future decision-making and problem-solving. They need to have a proper understanding of complex sentences and paragraphs in job related documents. With regard to system analysis, informatics nurse specialists can determine the way a system should work and how changes in the operations, conditions, and surroundings will influence the outcomes. Also, informatics nurse specialists can identify indicators or measures of system performance and the actions required to correct or improve performance related to the objectives of the system. It is a necessity for informatics nurse specialists to have knowledge in computer and electronics such as chips, circuit boards, computer hardware and software, processors, electronic equipment, including applications and programming. Finally, they also need to have skills in educating and training others (Ball, 2007). This includes skills in teaching, designing, as well as instructing individuals and groups regarding nursing informatics. The expenditures of managing and processing health care information are a considerable element of hospital operating budgets. However, health care is far behind other industries in the successful application of information technology (IT). Nurses are the largest group of individuals who utilize health care information systems (Englebardt, 2002). Hence, enhancing nurses' information management competence will have a significant outcome. Informatics nurse specialists comprehend the technology and concepts of nursing information management, and they can offer operational and tactical benefits to nursing organizations. All nurses are known to be

Business Decision Malkng Projects, Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Decision Malkng Projects, Part 3 - Essay Example ft. in size. Thehomesaveragedthreebedroomsandtwobathswhile 30% of thehomeshave a pool. Of the 30 homes, 70% had a garageandtheaveragedistance from thecitycenter is 15 miles(Simon, 1979). There are manyadvantagesandopportunities in businessownershipthat may includeFlexibility, freedom, being your boss, andcontrol to create your future. Lack of self-discipline, however, createschances of businessfailure. Datainformationhavingbeenobtained from varioussourcesgaveinsight to thecurrenthappenings in thebusinessworld. Thechoice of opening a franchise is a significantbusinessdecision, andmanyrisks can be laid to restif there is sufficient data analyzed to makesurethechoice is going to be successfulandprofitable(Cooper & Schindler, 2003). Knowledge of commercialrealestateandfinancemarkettrendshelps Century 21 to establish its franchiseandto preparefor long-term survivability and profitability. After validating and analyzing the housing statistics and confirming the reliability, starting a new franchise in the identified new community is the final step to be

Aviation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aviation - Case Study Example Most people avoid the airport if they have urgent business. The reason for these delays has been blamed on the capacity of the airport visa vie the growing demand. Possible revenue has been lost by the airport due to the delay. The problem has been identified and, therefore, measures to curb the problem should be developed. The airport has a potential market and, therefore, investment for redesigning of the terminal and ground access (runway) will be recouped faster. Expansion of the terminal will enhance the speed of security check and other services requisite for the passenger. Ground access give the chance for planes to land and take-off, and this delays plane from landing and departing, extra runways should be constructed for take-off and landing off planes. If the two elements are taken into account ALICE Spring Airport will be more efficient and more passengers will be lured into the airport. Passengers are always time conscious and will choose an airport where processes will be

Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultures - Essay Example In small settlements in particular, where traditions, customs and beliefs are more influential, death is a concept that reinforces social solidarity. Death, which is seen as a person's physical disappearance although he continues to live on in spirit, is generally a terrifying phenomenon. With the subconscious pressure created by this fear, a number of events or manifestations are interpreted as omens of impending death, including unexpected forms of behaviour, objects being used in a particular way, meteorological events (a shooting star, thunder, northeast wind, etc.), the behaviour of animals and noises made by them (the howling of dogs, the hooting of owls, a rooster crowing at the wrong time, etc.), dreams (of coffins, wedding dresses, wedding-festivities, camels, houses being demolished, falling teeth, onions, pepper etc.), as well as physiological and psychological changes (someone's growing pale, an increase or decrease in appetite, staring fixedly at one point, etc.) in the sick person. People tend to avoid events that are thought to trigger the process of death. Among the ways this is done is to slaughter the rooster that crows at an inappropriate time, giving some food that has prepared at home or bought outside to the poor if one sees a bad dream, describing that dream to water, waking up pregnant women or children if they are asleep when a dead person is taken away, emptying water cups in the home where there is a funeral, sweeping the home after the deceased has been taken away, turning cauldron in which the water used for washing the dead has been boiled upside down. In beliefs of people, among symptoms that predict death, which related with animals have been taking a great and importantplace. Some talents of animals, which are absent in human beings, their power of intuition, physical characteristics, their consideration of being fortunate or ill-omened have been playing great role in creation of such beliefs and their reaching a universal line. Basically there lays also the fear of death on the foundation ofa certain amount of beliefs which are accumulated around home, household, tool, apparatuses and food; and they have been qualified by people usually as symptoms of death. Most of these beliefs are completely different to what we in Western Cultures believe. Someone who was fairly new to the Turkish Muslim religion may consider their beliefs as rather strange, yet quite fascinating. 3 The first practices regarding sending the deceased off include washing the body and enshrouding it within fixed rules. If the deceased was a woman, she is washed by other women and by men if the dead person was male. Washers are experienced and well-versed in the rules. In villages, the body is washed inside the house or on a bench reserved for this purpose in the garden, and few people are allowed to be present. When the deceased is washed, the relatives pour a bowl of water over the body, give their consent and ask the deceased for whatever they have shared in the past. In big cities, the deceased is washed in a room reserved for this purpose in the cemetery. The piece of cloth used as a shroud is always white. The shroud for women has more parts to it than that used for men. As a female corpse is wrapped in the shroud, henna (this may also be applied to her

Andres Serrano Ana Mendieta's Artworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Andres Serrano Ana Mendieta's Artworks - Essay Example Apart from this to capture art he travels with his equipment to the most mundane places and picks up his subjects randomly yet always creating a stir (Ontani, 2000). By carrying his photographic background paper and lights in New York subways he was able to capture the homeless in their bedraggled clothes .His most recent shows contained another example of this fashion in which he photographed couples in Bizarre way and although caught in tender moments yet were provocative which Adrian Searle of the Guardian described as a "young couple, she with a strap on dildo he with a mildly expectant expression (Nairne & Howgate, 2006)". Many of his works have received much controversy especially true was in the case of Piss Christ which is a photograph of the crucifix submerged in a glass of his own urine. There are other works that too are subjected to the submerged forms of bodily fluids. Yet it is to be observed that although the much contrived Piss Christ was not appreciated when first exhibited it nevertheless sold for $ 162,000 in 1999 in a London Museum and was originally estimated at $20,000- $30,000. Still many slandered him for producing offensive art but nevertheless he got scot-free from circles who believed in artistic freedom (Stilles and Selz, 1995). Expression In Art Serranos work has received a lot of criticism it has been labeled notorious, lurid, offensive, at one point yet on the other it has also gained popularity and is famous .What makes him popular and notorious at the same time is the fact that perhaps he picks up controversial subjects for his work and has a provocative mind for the application of contrasting beautiful serene images with offensive material (Cahan & Kocur, 1996). To the mind of Serrano what at one instant is pure is also containing the darker side to it as well. There is always a twist to the most ordinary and leaves one to wonder if not everything is not as we have always imagined but there is more to it than just what we had always imagined. Applications Of Seranos Work Some of his most famous works are seen as Blood and Semen III on metal band Metallica's " load" Piss and Blood is used on Metallica's "Re Load" Indirect Approach: Serrano's has a very indirect approach to all his art work and he utilizes this in a very cool and subtle manner. Much of his mature work began as early as in the 80's. His focus initially remained mainly on catholic iconography. However he soon turned his attention to be more taboo stuff. This included his use of bodily fluids for his artwork. For much of his creations he received death threats and hate mails. Yet this did not deter the artist in the least and he remained focused on his work as before. The fuss created for his artwork only resulted in the increase of price of his work pieces. Piss Christ It is a 30 by 40 inch color photograph of the crucifix in which the artist has submerged it in the body fluid semen. This piece of art met many disagreeable circles who voiced their opinions very openly calling him a

The Importance Of Right Assessment Of Own Skills Personal Statement

The Importance Of Right Assessment Of Own Skills - Personal Statement Example I re-assessed my strengths and weaknesses and have come to realize that I am strong on the economic and mathematical abilities more than chemistry. Weighing all the pros and cons of my future plans, the feasibility of a stable job after finishing a certain course and other important factors that would establish my ability to pursue the course indeed had been a challenge. It took days of considerations and re-considerations until I have come to finalizing my decision, which I believe are now well-established with the aforementioned process I have been through. Like Thomas Edison, my rejection of my application as a major in Chemistry did not mean to be a failure, but a chance to review what I have to work on. And indeed it served its purpose as I have come to the inner strengths that can help me in pursuing my own dream based on my interests and not based on other people’s dreams for me. Dr. Robert Schuler, a great American pastor who built the ‘Chrystal Cathedral’, a church made of glass; on his experiences as a child who grew during the recession, said, â€Å"Tough times never last, but tough people do.† I may not have the blood of such great people running through my veins; however, I have their spirit flowing all over me. I believe as they do, that tough times do not drain the strength of a man rather they serve as fuels to engaging himself in his quests. The trials I have been through during my first application accelerated my thoughts on what is to become of my future and thus served as a turning point for important re-considerations. I have become aware that by following my mother’s footsteps, becoming a pharmacist; I would never be able to get to the top because that is not the dream that I am passionate enough to chase for. I might have let my mother down for not trailing her dream and my future might not be as bright as she wished , but I have faith in myself.

Those Silly Magazine Advice Essay Example for Free

Those Silly Magazine Advice Essay A man and his girlfriend were married. It was a large gathering. All of their friends and family came to witness the lovely ceremony and partake of the festivities and celebration. A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a proposal that they would read a magazine for couples, for their marriage to be strengthened. The next morning, they decided they would share each other’s listed annoyances. As the wife started reading her list, her husband was crying. When it was the man’s turn, the wife was touched because he don’t have anything in his list. In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don’t really have to go looking for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light, and promise. Reference: Kong, Francis J. (2003). The Early Bird Catches the Worm but the Second Mouse Gets the Cheese: Those Silly Magazine Advice. Philippines: Success Options Inc. In a major university a professor of economics gave a tst to his class. The test had several sections of questions, each of which contained three categories. He instructed the students to choose one question from each section. The first category in each section was worth 50 points. The second category was not quite as hard as worth 4 points. The third category, the easiest, was worth only 30 points. When the students had taken the test and turned in the papers, the students who had chosen the hardest questions, or the 50-point questions, were given A’s. The students who had chosen the 40-point questions were given B’s, and those who chose the 30-point questions, or the easiest questions, were given C’s. Whether or not their answers were correct was not considered. The students were confused and asked the professor how he had graded the exam. The professor leaned back and with a smile explained, â€Å"I wasn’t testing your knowledge. I was testing your aim.† Reference: Kong, Francis J. (2003). The Early Bird Catches the Worm but the Second Mouse Gets the Cheese: Testing Your Aim. Philippines: Success Options Inc.

Pornography Essay Example for Free

Pornography Essay Over the period of many years the consumption of pornography has massively expanded causing it to have presently created itself a significant position in culture. Society has learnt to accept and receive porn as part of its natural and regular routines. Whether it’s the control factor which porn allows its audience to hold or the fact that porn requires minimum effort and commitment, either way at least 40 million adults regularly find themselves visiting pornographic sites. (microtrends,2007, page 276) According to (George Barna, Boiling Point: It Takes One Degree: Monitoring Cultural Shifts in the 21st Century, p. 23) sales on the internet for pornographic images seem to exceed the sales of other online products. The demand of porn remains active as users place their confidence in the discretion factor which pornography holds. This demand contributes to the reason in which porn has created its significant niche into society, becoming effortlessly integrated into popular culture. Unlike technology used every day which is almost always provided with warnings for its consumers, pornography comes with no warnings. Material can range from contemporary and soft to offensive and degrading, yet many individuals believe that porn in a choice, in which its viewers take their own risk in any dangers it may cause. Whilst porn was once seen as an expression of male ethos, it has grown to have become enjoyable for both male and female nations. The extensions of sexual fantasies created by both the male and female mind are part of the contribution towards the change in the industry in which pornography has gone from practically invisible to globally unavoidable. Whereas many had once scorned porn or found it humiliating to be considered having any link with the industry, the substance is now much more open and can often be socially discussed. Whilst it may have once been demeaning to be seen with a ‘Playboy’ or ‘Nuts’ magazine, these images have now become part of our mainstream media creating an undistinguishable line of what one may consider as soft or hard porn. As porn has become progressively embedded upon philosophy, a wider range of pornographic footages and images become available for its audience at affordable charges, creating an overwhelming growth in the pornography industry. Alongside the growth of technology, this shift in culture has concluded in media finding itself with an excessive amount of porn accessible over the internet. Many of these images being classified as ‘extreme porn. ’ So what is extreme pornography? Commencing the 26th January 2009, laws on ‘extreme porn’ were put into action by the United Kingdom Government meaning it became illegal to possess any extreme pornography that may be ‘grossly offensive, disgusting or of obscene character’, alongside any pornography which may ‘portray any explicit and realistic way of extreme acts. (http://www. cps. gov. uk/legal/d_to_g/extreme_pornography/) Extreme porn was defined by the Government under specific sexual acts. The ministry of Justice put into place that any acts containing a result or likely result of serious injury to a person’s genitals, anus or breasts would be considered as extreme. Deeds threating a person’s life or sexual ac ts involving a corpse were also placed under this act. Pornographic images or footage which may be defined as such are strictly illegal in the United Kingdom meaning those found distributing or publishing may face conviction. Throughout the early stages of extreme porn publishing, images and videos were put together by students and television authorities with the help of prostitutes in order to create what would be the future of porn. Much of this media caused shock and controversy throughout many diverse cultures and societies who believed extreme porn should be categorized with child pornography. The Obscene Publications Act was put into place in order to support an argument in which would claim that limits were to be set in order to diffuse the growth of extreme pornography in order to protect children and the general public from the pornographic industry. The controversies around porn clearly show the modification of the purpose of pornography. As it was once used for satire, pornographic images gradually began and remain to be used in order to stimulate and satisfy. According to Gail Dines (How Porn Has Hijacked Our Sexuality) the vast majority of porn which is being viewed today contains violent and extremely graphic images. Being an anti-porn feminist Dines feels porn is degrading to women who are often the receivers of the violent behavior. In writing her book, Dines expressed her feelings on the hard-core pornography industry and how she feels that pornography is changing the way in which men and women explore their sexual relationships, as if porn is celebrating the use of forcefulness, violence and humiliation in intercourse. Dines opinion is questioned by pro-porn feminists who believe women have as much of a right to explore their sexual fantasies which may involve forms of seduction and violence, as do men. As many more women believed that being involved in pornography was a right which they had themselves, more content began to become produced. As the desires of both men and now women began to grow so did the content used in porn. In April 2006, Chanel 4 released a series ‘The Dark Side of Porn’ in which researchers studied the adult pornography industry. Extreme pornography was explored throughout the series, particularly during season two, where bestiality was travelled in which Bodil Joensen’s life as a porn star was laid out for viewers. Joensen was known to have had sexual intercourse with animals in at least 40 extreme pornographically movies. Her sexual activities caused much shock however allowed her to create a celebrity status for herself. ‘Animal Farm’ contained sexual corruption meaning it wasn’t to be allowed for official release however this seemed to draw in more viewers who were eager to find out more about the film and to discover the reasons in which it may have been banned. Like many porn stars who may have engaged with sexual activity with animals, Joensen received much demand and attention from users who use porn in order to feel better about themselves. Whilst many might have found the footage to be offensive, conversely many users gained complete satisfaction as they believed that if Joensen would engage in sexual intercourse with animals she would also consider intercourse with them. Their gratification went on to turn into a fantasy, creating an increasing demand. Joensen, now known as the queen of bestiality, may have once disturbed many with her sexual activities, though now it seems as if her life is celebrated. This became an influence for other upcoming porn stars who also craved the attention of the public, using pornography to get to the top. However, many attempts were rejected by Hollywood who originally wished to have nothing to do with the porn business. As culture and society began to change, Joensen became one of the many porn starts to have created a distinguished career. Today porn stars are regularly placed into the same grouping as singers, actors and other mainstream celebrities, particularly as many personalities also become part of the pornography industry with the help of leaked home sex tapes which are often sold for unimaginable amounts of money. The industry has gone global in which the standards of porn anticipated by those who sell sex is beyond belief. In order to generate a celebrity status for themself, porn stars pornographic footage or images must be talked about. Due to television, magazines and music videos, soft porn will no longer create this image. As society becomes more comfortable with soft porn which is faced on a daily basis, porn stars are pushed to their limits in order to be noticed. The use of soft porn in daily media affects the whole society and has become a main contribution to the reason in which many individuals are left unconcerned with today’s mainstream pornography. ‘Sex sells,’ is often a statement used by the media in order to justify the use of sexual images throughout their broadcasting. As progressively more industries begin to use sex as an advertising tool, pornography starts to become the normality meaning it also becomes less offensive and more accepted. Hard-core need to involve the substances which soft porn lacks in order to achieve its desired effect. Whilst soft porn would have once been used as a method of arousal, magazines and television allow their audience to experience this pleasure every day, contributing in soft porn becoming more socially acceptable. An example of this can be seen in music videos in which women are often displayed as sex symbols where they dance erotically wearing racy clothing. Being exposed to these messages on a daily basic has created a sense of monotony towards soft pornography meaning the porn industry is pushed to its boundary in order to re-build the satisfaction factor it wishes to impose upon its audience. One of the main factors which contribute to porn being less offensive over the years is through acceptance. Pornography has become more established into many diverse cultures and societies, although many anti-porn feminists and religious icons may disagree, many will argue that pornography caries its advantages involving the non-judgemental form of stimulation it provides to its audience. Whilst once the use of porn in media was scorned, society has become more tolerant of the industry, even discussing the use of porn with minors on series such as ‘The Sex Education Show’ airing on Chanel 4. The growth of pornography has been joined by nourishment for the industry as many take on the approach that society has no choice but to live with porn and assume the responsibility that it may hold. Alongside being more accepted into popular culture, pornography has also become more accessible. This relates to both soft and hard-core porn. DVD’s, the internet, magazines, television and many other new technologies have allowed sexual media to become widely available to everyone including underage children. The average age of children wishing to explore sex decreases, as the typical age of internet porn expose is at a tender eleven years. (www. familysafemedia. co. uk) Children not only view sex, they are often manipulated in order to become part of sexual fantasies for adults. The availability of porn has as much contribution to the formation of extreme porn as the acceptance of soft pornography. Being seen as a delivery system in which porn can be easily accessed or delivered to its audience with no commitment or effort needed, pornography has broadened the perimeter of the amount of porn which can actually be accessed. The porn which has today grown to become widely available for viewers is far from contemporary, soft and friendly porn. Hard-core porn has become increasingly abusive containing numerous events of humiliation towards women. However, if women aren’t offended by the content shown in porn then how could society question a man’s enjoyment in watching a female being degraded. Pornography is often discussed throughout women’s magazines in which it becomes embraced; with journalists offering advice on how porn could become integrated into an individual own life. In defence of pornography women liberals believe that a woman’s body becomes a woman’s right in which she may enjoy any pleasure, whether or not it be degrading to others as each individual decides what liberating and demeaning may mean to themselves. Sexual, global socialization has had many consequences upon today’s culture, as years progress, pornography seems to become more acceptable, more accessible and more extreme. It becomes clear to see the factors in which have contributed the most towards the shift of pornography and to the change of outlooks towards the industry. By media producing sexually explicit material and publishing it for the nation to see, pornography industries have pushed themselves to their limits in order to provide new material to fulfil the needs and fantasies of its audience. Pornography has become legitimized and celebrated resulting in fewer cases of society being offended by its content. But is there more to come?

The development of social work

The development of social work The development of social work practice within Britain since the Second World War and influencing welfare movements that have changed role of the social worker. When looking at government policy within Britain since the Second World War it is possible to look at the development of the welfare state and how those governing the country have influenced and shaped the welfare state of today. Pluralism represented majority wide spread values within post war Britain having substantial historical legitimacy explaining contemporary decisions, supplying the most satisfactory foundation on which to examine the post war British welfare state. Reluctant collectivism was the main overriding political ideology of the time period influencing strategy within post war Britain resulting in the recommendations of the Beveridge Report 1942. (Timmins, 1996) 1941 saw the government commissioning Sir William Beveridge to produce a report into the ways that Britain should be rebuilt after WW2, published in 1942 with recommendations to fight the five giant evils of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. (Timmins, 1996) Key points, despite later changes were that in organising social security the state shouldnt suppress encouragement, opportunity and responsibility. The states position to Social Insurance and Assistance System should be rigorously limited to guaranteeing citizens a subsistence income. Anything above that minimum should be determined by personnel effort and voluntary contributions to private insurance, not the state. (Lowe, 2005) Beveridge had strong commitments to the free market believing that the state intervention should be kept to a minimum promoting maximum freedom of the individual and therefore political autonomy, economic effectiveness and social diversity. Beveridge also indicated a need for greater state regulation acknowledging that politically it was crucial. He was concerned that should economic waste and social inequalities persist parliamentary democracy could damage and discredit political stability. (Lowe, 2009) Beveridge was a reluctant collectivist intending his recommendations for the welfare state to be a safety net for those who would need it the most believing in limiting the role of the government. Beveridge believed that the overall cost of medical care would decrease as people became healthier, hence needing less treatment (Batholomew, 2004). 1945 saw the appointment of Clement Atlee of the labour party as the new prime minister. He went on to introduce the welfare state as outlined in the 1942 Beveridge Report. By 1948 the National Health Service was created introducing free medical treatment for all, reformist socialist looked upon it as a framework for development shifting towards an egalitarian society, whilst those such as Hayek had never been convinced of a need for the welfare state in the first place. A national system of benefits was introduced to provide social security to protect from cradle to the grave Partly built on National Insurance Scheme set up by David Lloyd George 1911. People in work had to make contributions each week as did employers but the benefits provided were now much greater. Social work was first recognised in 1898 with classes being offered at Columbia University. Social work and the five giants of want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness were deep rooted and radical welfare reformers often saw violence, alcohol misuse, child abuse being mainly caused through the absence of welfare and that the introduction of the welfare state as a way of solving these. (Lowe, 2005) The provision of services following the Beveridge Report saw the introduction of many Acts, policies, reports and events that brought about changes to services and the law. In 1945 the death of Dennis ONeil highlighted the plight of foster children. The Mockington Report 1945 found the poor supervision, coordination and overdue action being key contributing factors in the death of Dennis ONeil. The Moncktons committee Report and Curtis Committee Report 1946 brought about changes in relation to children in foster care. Stipulating that a fit person be it an individual or the local authority must care for the child as their own. (Horner, 2009, Jordan, 2007) The Curtis Committee Report focused on children in care in particular those in residential care settings and directly resulted in the Children Act 1948 with local authorities becoming more responsible in the professional recognised service and recognised the need for a more personal approach within the care of children. When looking at the knowledge and skills required for this role the Curtis Report noted the need for this position to be the responsibility of a graduate with experience of children: Her essential qualifications, however, would be on the personal side. She should be genial and friendly in manner and able to set both children and adults at their ease (Curtis, 1946 as in Jordan 2007) The Origins of social work can be traced back to COS (The Charity Organisation Society founded in 1869) and the Settlement Movement both influential yet declined mid twentieth century. Younghusbands report 1947 noted a wide variety of social work, family case work, settlement work, and work within physically and mental health, probation, youth work amongst others she also believed that both the COS and the settlement movements sought to integrate casework, group work and community work. Younghusbands report went on to position social work into five specific settings, Childrens Departments, Welfare Departments, Health Departments linked to psychiatric services, Health Departments and medical social workers and Probation Departments ( Younghusband, 1981, Horner 2009) In 1954 Younghusband played a key part in establishing the first generic training ensuring all social workers had a common base of knowledge for professional social work training. Further reports of Younghusband led to the founding of a Council for Training in Social Work and a social work certificate (Wilson et al, 2008). More recently through the Modernising Social Service Agenda and the Care Standards Act 2000 there have been huge developments within social work education with major changes ensuring that qualified Social Workers are educated to honours degree level ensuring common shared knowledge, skills and values (Department of Health, 1998) Banks (1995) acknowledges the complex interaction of social work and how it involves interconnected complex issues, ethical, technical, legal and political. All of these are part of the shared knowledge, skills and values of the modern qualified social worker. These shared knowledge, skills and values are more important when considering as Parton (1997) argues the position of the social worker, between the rights of the individual and the states responsibilities. The Department of Health (2002) states Social work is a practical job and therefore the degree requires social workers to demonstrate their practical application of skills and knowledge ability to problem solve. Whilst providing hope for those people who rely on social services. Some definitions such as Jones (2002) link more towards individual difficulties and raises questions of social control. When looking at different definitions it is possible to look at the different practice context. The department of health definition highlights skills and interventions this views social work as practical interactive activity which requires a set of beliefs, knowledge and interpersonal skills linking the ethics and values of social work (Oko, 2009) Titmuss (1965) acknowledge the changing role of social work in relation to social problems stating that within the past two decades social problems brought about a call for more trained social workers. Focaults (1977) noted that government increased employment opportunities upon realising the capacity of social work to control populations those populations troublesome to social order. Foucault (1977) and Parker (1990) also acknowledged the importance of historical awareness and understanding of social work when reflecting upon the present to enable more productive and effective outcomes. The General Social Care Council (GSCC) views reflection as essential to high-quality social work and key to ongoing professional development and acknowledges this within the National Occupational Standards and General Social Care code of practice (GSCC, 2002). The BASW have recognised that the duty of the social worker being to assist with the solving of social problems and conflict at the personal l evel.(Oko, 2009) National Occupational Standards define reflective practice as: Reflective practice is grounded in the social workers repertoire of values, knowledge, theories and practice, which influence the judgements made about a particular situation. The characteristics of reflective judgments indicate that the practitioner has developed the ability to view situations from multiple perspectives, the ability to search for alternative explanations, and the ability to use evidence in supporting or evaluating a decision or position (Training Organisation for the Personal Social Services (TOPSS, 2002) Learning through reflection is a life long process of development Lindeman (1926) viewed it as a process autonomous with life and revolves about non-vocational ideas noting adult education to be around situations putting the student needs first and acknowledges that it is the learners experience, if education is life, then life is education. Within the learning and qualification elements of social work training and qualification, anti oppressive and anti discriminatory practice is key. Anti oppressive and anti discriminatory practice is fundamental to social work. This is clearly emphasized in the GSCC code of practice highlighting the need to respect diversity and promotion of equal opportunities. In order to undertake the role of a social worker it is essential to have some basic understanding of anti discrimination legislation. The Race Relations Act 1976 and Disability Discrimination Act 1995 make it illegal for authorities to discriminate as do elements of the Children Act 1989. Social work commitment to anti oppressive and anti discriminatory practice gained significance having recognised the lack of response to discriminatory and oppressive practice on the part of social workers in the 1980s towards the needs disabled people, women and ethnic minorities (Taylor, 1993). It is this fundamental practice that is recognised within the training and a major part of qualifying courses with in social work. (Wilson et al, 2008) It is this core commitment of the social worker to anti oppressive practice and anti discriminatory practice that encourages and supports active involvement on the part of the service users. Direct payments and individual budgets support individual choice and empowerment. Mullender (1997) stated that in order to understand the oppressions and discrimination people face it is essential perceive the way in which people are disadvantaged. With many forms of oppression and discrimination all of which impact upon social clients, it is important to recognise that negative use of power is at the heart. Thompson (2001) states that for social workers this power lies within their knowledge and expertise, access to resources, statutory powers and influence of individuals and other agencies. Historically this links back to the variety of social work as originally set out in Younghusbands Report 1947 as mentioned on page 4. As people became more satisfied with each of the welfare services this resulted in them becoming a better resourced service dispelling previous anxieties changing the climate of opinion. The personal social services in 1950s had very little increase in expenditure although 1960 1968 expenditure doubled. As social work continued to develop so did policy and legislation, 1963 saw the first lawful vital Act that enabled preventative developmental social work enabling early intervention, the Children and Young Persons Act of 1963. This enabled preventative and rehabilitative social work enabling social workers to work towards changing conditions, to prevent children entering local authority care or the juvenile court. It was as a result of pressure from probation and childrens services which led directly to the establishment of the Seebohm Committee in 1965 and the passage of the social work (Scotland) Act in 1968. In 1968 Fredric Seebohm led a committee appointed by the government (Committee on Local Authorities and Allied Personal Social Services) whos task was To review the organisation and responsibilities of the local authorities personal social services in England and Wales, and to consider what changes were desirable to secure an effective family service. (Horner, 2009) The Local Authority Social Services Act 1970 went on to see the enactment of the Seebohm Report in 1971. The report changed the delivery of the welfare Servcies into Social Services with a new generic social worker role. The report recommended a generic integrated social care approach to social services, family orientated, and community based service available and accessible to all, as an integrated service rather than totally separate departments run independently. This new personal Social Services being one of five parts of the social security policy arena, the other four being Social Security, Health, Housing and Education in which Social workers and Social Care are as Walker (1984) says viewed as the safety net of the five. This saw the appointment of a director of social services accountable to the Social Services Committee.   Resulting in breaking down fragmented services between health and welfare committees and associated departments and leading onto the development of generic social work training developed through central council for education and training of social workers (CCETSW) Claire (2000) post Seebohm, noted staff struggles to the new generic approach given that many had specialisms within a now integrated service. Whilst Willmott (1975) acknowledged   how social work reforms brought about change which meant the families would have one lead social worker as a means to one for each area of need, resulting in a more holistic approach to the need of the individual or family. Toronto (1993) held a collectivist view of this that in order for society to be judged as a morally admirable society it must, among other things, adequately provide care of its members. Thompson (2005) noted that in working within integrated approaches positive outcomes can come about for all concerned, but warns that it can also make some situations worse and the potential for these situations needs to be recognised in order to minimise harm and maximise the good. It could be argued that the recommendations of the Seebohm report 1968 was not wholly new as the Ingleby Report 1960 wit h a main focus upon juvenile delinquency, child neglect and the entry of children into care it noted the need for state intervention when families are seen to be failing. The Ingleby report commented upon a solution being to reorganise various services concerned with families into one unified family service in effect Ingleby was a forerunner to integrated social care. (Boss, 1971) The Seebohm reforms created changes to management systems and coordination in children and welfare departments for many this was a high point of collectivism, state intervention of the state in social welfare and formal education with the state at the fore front.   With major developments also taking place within education, council housing and urban regeneration. Jordan also noted how the collective institutions were not seen as reliable and able to resolve disagreements.   This was demonstrated through trade union consciousness amongst those working within social services, coming together against many of the states strategies and policies.   Freire (2003) would see this as people understanding of their social and political position within society, consciousness raising and critical thinking enabling people to challenge their position and start the process of change, viewing empowerment as conscientization education of the consciousness, in which communities become aware of iss ues affecting them.   Freire used the term conscientization to refer to learning to perceive social, political and economic contradictions and take actions against the oppressive elements of reality. The Victoria Climbie inquiry overseen by Lord Laming saw the production of the green paper Every Child Matters (ECM), published along side Lord Lamings report.   The report had four key focus points, improving the way in which carers and families are supported and notes the critical influence upon the lives of children, preventative interventions prior to crisis point situations proactive action to stop children falling through the net, addressing underlying weak accountability and poor integration and make sure those people working with children and young people are appreciated, rewarded and trained.   one of the outcomes of ECM was to set five outcomes for all children and young people, be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well being.   In relation to social work there are many areas covered and given consideration, foster care, care matters, child trust funds, independent reviewing officers, health care, adoption, educat ional achievement of looked after children, secure childrens home, family and friends carers and social work practice pilots.   Within this new Joint Area Reviews (JAR) inspections focused on communication and integrated care. In addition there is substantial coverage of issues around safeguarding.   The ECM has seen a multi agency approach with integrated services, strategies and governance as a result of the depth and breadth for the ECM and subsequent ECM papers. In conclusion social work mediates between the state and its members the roles and responsibilities therefore can vary significantly based upon the over riding views within society and the elected government.   This in turn will affect responses to the needs of people in relation to individual rights and responsibilities verses collective responsibility.   Social workers often engage with those most in need, struggling to participate within society.  Ã‚   Frequently caught somewhere in the middle of conflicting political ideologies of left/right wing policies, engaging and supporting those most marginalised yet often employed within the political, social and economic setting that may have gone some way to contribute to that marginalisation.   Therefore it is essential for social workers to have a commitment to understanding their modern role and how that has developed through the range of different and often conflicting political thinking of government influencing power in relation to culture, thoughts, actions, attitudes, feelings and structural levels. Social work will continue to evolve along with legislation, movements and unfortunately high profile incidents and therefore training will follow a parallel in line with the current discourse.   Through looking back through time from the implementation of the state welfare the collectivist approach was dominant.   That was until the Thatcher years which saw an anti collectivist approach to welfare services which viewed the welfare state as over developed creating dependency, irresponsibility and keeping people from using their initiative.   Whilst New Labour believed in a limited role, reducing the role of the state and by supporting and promoting schemes such as sure start and new deal with the focus being upon social inclusion.   As governments and common ideologies change so will the roles of social workers as, administrators of social policies. References Banks, S (1995) Ethics and Values in social work.   London: Macmillan Bartholomew, J (2004) The welfare state were in.   London: Politico Publishing. Clare, B (2000) Becoming a social worker: learning, doing and being, in J Harris, I Paylor and L Frogget (Eds) Reclaiming social work: the south port papers.   Birmingham: Venture Press. Department of Health (1998) Modernizing Social Services: promoting independence, improving protection, raising standards.   CM.1469. London: Stationary Office Department of Health (2002) Requirements for social work training.   London: Department of Health. Foucault, M (1977) Discipline and Punishment.   London: Allen Lane General Social Care Council (2002) Code of Practice for Social Workers and employers.   London: GSCC Horner, N (2009) (3rd Ed) What is Social Work: Contexts and Perspectives, Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd Jordan, B (2007) Social work and well-being.   Dorset: Russell House Publishing Ltd Lindeman (1926) Lowe, R (2005) The Welfare State in Britain since 1945. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Oko, J (2009) Understanding and Using Theory in Social Work.   Exeter: Leaning Matters Ltd Parker, R (1990) Away from home: a history of childcare.   Ilford, Essex: Barnardos Parton, N (1997) Social Theory, Social Change and Social Work: an introduction. London: Routledge. Taylor, G (1993) Challenges from the margins, in J, Clarke(ed) A Crisis in Care: Challenges to Social Work, London: Sage/Open University. Thompson, N (2001) (3rd Ed) Anti-discriminatory Practice.   New York: Palgrave Thompson, N (2005) (2nd ed) Understanding Social Work.   Basingstoke: Palgrave Timmins, N (1996) The Five Giants: A Biography of the Welfare State.   Glasgow: Fontana Press Titmuss, R (1965) Goals of todays Welfare State, in P Anderson and R Blackburn (eds)   Towards socialism.   London: Fontana. Toronto, J (1993) Moral Boundaries: a political argument for an ethic of care.   New York: Routledge. Training Organisation for the Personal Social Services (2002) National occupational standards for social work.   London: TOPPS. Walker, A (1984) Social Planning: a strategy for socialist welfare.   Oxford: Blackwell Willmott, P (1975) (2nd Ed) Comsumers guide to the British social services.   Harmondsworth: Penguin Wilson K, Ruch G, Lymbery M, Cooper A, Becker S, Brammer A, Clawson R, Littlechild B, Paylor I, Smith R (2008) Social Work: An introduction to contemporary practice.   Essex: Pearson Education Limited Younghusband, E (1981) The Newest Profession.   Community Care:/IPC

Dred Scott case Essay -- American History, African Americans

On June 19th 1862 the US Congress prohibits slavery in the United States territories nullifying the Dred Scott Case. This was the most important day in US history for African Americans. This is because it helped blacks gain the rights they deserve. It also gave them rights they never thought they could achieve. This Court case of Scott vs. Sanford was a catalyst to riots, other court cases such as Brown vs. Board of Education, Rachel vs. Walker and many acts and amendments resulted from one mans wish to be free. Dred Scott was a slave to the Emerson family of Missouri. Emerson soon died in 1846 making Scott sue for his freedom. He soon lost the case in a state court, but shortly after he was introduced to a national court. Scott Soon after lost the case again but then was later considered free man. This case caused many good things to occur, and many things bad to occur. Some of these things include the strengthening of the Republican Party in opposition to the courts decision; and it increased the abolitionist to get rid of slavery which eventually leads to the civil war. There are also some negatives to the Dred Scott Case like how it eventually led to the Panic of 1857. As well caused fights like Bleeding Kansas. Even the system of checks and balances was hurt by the Dred Scott Case. This case played a major role in how African Americans live today and how they are accepted among people. Without the efforts of Dred Scott and the people who followed in his footsteps there would be no way African Americans can live with the freedom and rights they have today because of the Dred Scott Case. Scott in addition caused people to really understand what life was... ...gislative branch, but also strengthened all the power of the republican party and there abolitionist ways. There was other things that have helped like the Rachel vs. Walker and James Tallmadge. These other cases and people have really helped Dred Scott gain his freedom and effect the world in so many ways that have effected the world so blacks no longer have to worry about being whipped, hit , or any racial discrimination without justice stepping in. Dred Scott was easily the most important person to ever live he has done so many great things. Dred Scott has become a major topic in all United States history, he will also go down as the best civil rights activist to ever live even though he did not realize at the time that he would become a major celebrity in history. Easily Dred Scott is known as the greatest person in history.

University Living as the Third Gender :: Journalism Journalistic Essays

University Living as the Third Gender In Thailand, they are called Kateoy or â€Å"Ladyboys.† In Burma, they are the Hijra and have the power to bless a child with fertility or curse it with impotence. In America, they are called transgendered, but the definition of the word is hard to pin down. â€Å"There are as many ways to be trans as there are trans people,† said Michael*, a 21-year-old Newton resident to Northeastern University’s bisexual, lesbian, gay, straight, transgendered, queer and questioning alliance (NuBiLAGA) meeting on Nov. 18. But Michael, who was born a female but now lives as a male, has his own definition. â€Å"A transgendered person is someone who does not fit with or identify with the gender identity or gender roles assigned at birth,† Michael said. The American Heritage Dictionary defines transgender as â€Å"Appearing as, wishing to be considered as, or having undergone surgery to become a member the opposite sex.† While often confused with cross-dressers who masquerade as the opposite sex on occasion, transgendered persons wish to permanently live as the opposite gender. Some opt to have surgery to match their anatomy with their lifestyle, some do not and just adopt the mannerism of the opposite gender. Scientific statistics and studies on transgendered persons border on non-existent. Since transgendered people often identify simply as male or female, it is difficult to get an accurate count of the trans population using official censuses which don’t denote â€Å"biological male/female† or â€Å"cultural male/female.† Transgendered people also cannot be included in counts of the gay and lesbian population, because if a person was biologically female, but identifies as a male and is attracted to females, they would consider themselves heterosexual and not a lesbian. As Michael addressed the group, his partner, Bailey*, a 21-year-old female to male transgendered resident of Jamaica Plains, drew four parallel lines on the dry erase board. One by one, Michael explained the significance of each line: sex, gender identity, gender expression and sexual orientation. The visual is what Michael uses to distinguish to people the differences between the terms and how each can function mutually exclusive from the others. He explained to the group that sex is dictated by chromosomes and genitalia. On one end of the spectrum is male, on the other is female and in the middle is intersex, commonly referred to hermaphrodite. On the gender expression line, Michael and Bailey created a spectrum from masculine to feminine, with androgynous or gender neutral in the middle; sexual orientation often divided between attraction to men or women.

BELIEVE IT OR NOT :: essays research papers

It has always been a myth that sun signs describe who you are. Most of the times, it seems unbelievable to accept the fact that the position of the sun and the planets determine the person’s character, yet we mostly identify firmly with our signs. The characters from Jane Austen’s famous novel, Emma, can be identified with their signs because of their unique personality traits. I believe the protagonist of the novel, Emma Woodhouse, is definitely a Leo. It is stated that â€Å"In grandeur of manner, splendor of bearing and magnanimity of personality, Leos are the monarch’s among humans†. This definition is clearly true for Emma for she bears the nobility in her manners and position. She has a great deal of self confidence, but she also has a great fear of being ridiculed and made to feel disgraced. Though we do not see anyone making fun of her in the novel, she is very much affected by Mr. Knightley upbraiding after she behaves impolitely towards Miss Bates. A Leo is warmhearted, generous, creative, enthusiastic, faithful, ambitious, courageous, dominant, strong willed, independent, self-confident and readily noticed whenever she enters a room. Leos think and act bigger than others would normally dare; â€Å"the ambitiousness of their schemes and idealism sometimes daunt their supporters.† Emma definitely thinks â€Å"bigger† than she should, and her imagination is much beyond the realities. She tries to matchmake Harriet with Mr. Elton, then with Frank Churchill, both who do not have any attachments towards her. â€Å"Leos’ faults can be as large in scale as their virtues, and an excessively negative Leonian can be one of the most unpleasant human beings imaginable, displaying extreme arrogance, snobbish superiority, autocratic pride, haughtiness, and excessive hastiness of temper.† At the scene with the picnic in Donwell’s Abbey, Emma puts Miss Bates down harshly when she begins to chatter continually. Emma’s sharp remark shows her cruelty, arrogance, selfishness, pomposity with the most unpleasant manner. Mostly Leos use their powers for doing good, for they are strongly idealistic, humane, and beneficent, yet they do not hesitate to use cunning, lies and trickery to discredit their rivals if they’re jealous. This becomes true for Emma about her feelings towards Jane Fairfax. She has been brought up like a princess, getting the most attention and love. However, when Miss Bates mentions Jane Fairfax’s letter or Mr. Knightley talks about Jane Fairfax’s beauty and gentleness, Emma suddenly becomes jealous of her.

Better Known As No Child Left Behind Education Essay

In 2002, Public Law 107-110 dramatically changed the answerability of public schools. Better known as No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) , this jurisprudence requires schools to yearly document bettering pupil public presentation through standardised testing. Since all schools must turn out Adequate Yearly Progress ( AYP ) , Fullan noted that redress plans, after school tutoring Sessionss, excess tutoring in mathematics and reading, specially designed single plans, and many other pupil redress attempts have been employed to assist pupils accomplish proficiency. Districts have hired extra instructors to supply remedial mathematics and reading direction, and benchmark appraisals chronicling pupil advancement have become common topographic point ( Fullan, Hill & A ; Crevola, 2006 ) . Fullan observed that schools use informations direction systems to warehouse pupil information, giving instructors entree to real-time public presentation informations, and have developed edifice agendas to give instructors the ability to flexibly group pupils based upon their single public presentation demands. In world, all schools seeking to accomplish or keep AYP continually search for schemes that will give them any advantage in bettering overall pupil public presentation on compulsory high bets trials ( Senge, 2000 ) . Yet, more demands to be done to guarantee that no kid is left behind ( Fullan, 2008 ) . The research worker in this survey stepped off from the microscopic scrutiny of how advanced curricular plans and high-impact schemes increase single trial tonss for pupils. Rather, the research worker looked at the patterns identified and developed by the concern community at big that have been shown to raise the degree of employee battle which so improves a ) public presentation, B ) profitableness, degree Celsius ) client satisfaction, vitamin D ) productiveness, and vitamin E ) lower turnover of concern units ( Buckingham & A ; Coffman, 1999 ) . Since Buckingham noted that there is a profound relationship between success in concern and employee battle, the research worker in this survey will analyse principals ‘ perceptual experiences of patterns that raise employee battle in the concern community and their sensed effectivity in bettering teacher battle in the schools where they lead. Harmonizing to Scarlett, employee battle â€Å" is indispensable in concern, yet few organisations successfully define, step, or pull off this leading theoretical account. † Top-performing concerns understand this force in driving public presentation prosodies ( Coffman, 2003 ) . For this survey, employee battle is defined as the â€Å" measureable grade of an employee ‘s positive or negative emotional fond regard to their occupation, co-workers, and organisation which deeply influences their willingness to larn and execute at work † ( Scarlett, 2011 ) . In order to raise battle, organisations seek to construct partnerships between the organisation and its employees such that employees to the full understand and are committed to accomplishing the organisation ‘s aims and the organisation respects the personal aspirations and aspirations of its employees ensuing in invention and forward motion ( Coffman, 2003 ) . Buckingham and Coffman ( 1999 ) have outlined a strong instance that shows the importance of the director and their managerial patterns in raising the degree of employee battle. So, if implemented by principals, would these same schemes and patterns that have been shown to drive up degrees of employee battle and public presentation positively impact teacher battle? Bellamy and others noted that public presentation outlooks for principals in this high-stakes testing epoch are at unprecedented high degrees. While principals still hold the duty for effectual edifice direction, at no other clip has the force per unit area to better trial tonss so significantly weighed upon their shoulders and focused their attending more on instructional leading. â€Å" Once responsible chiefly for internal operations, principals now are accountable to the community, school territory, province, and even federal authorities for bettering pupil acquisition and shuting the accomplishment spreads between diverse cultural and socioeconomic pupil groups † ( Bellamy, et al. , 2007, p. 1 ) . Pollack and Ford noted that school systems and communities still expect principals to a ) create safe environments, B ) develop effectual agendas, degree Celsius ) hire and supervise quality staff, vitamin D ) speak good in public, vitamin E ) efficaciously discipline pupils, degree Fahrenheit ) manage mountains of paperwork day-to-day, and g ) reference an eternal watercourse of issues that vie for their clip. Pollack continues that while dexterously managing all of these normal outlooks, principals are besides expected to a ) analyze informations, B ) develop programmatic betterment programs, degree Celsiuss ) program and run high quality professional development, vitamin D ) follow a litany of province authorizations related to pupil informations, and e ) create environments contributing to high-performance. They are expected to be change agents while non angering any constituency ( Pollack & A ; Ford, 2009 ) . Porras and Thompson surmised that with all of these outlooks, it is cr itical for principals to understand their alone abilities and duties and allocate the right sum of clip to each, non equal or balanced parts, but instead their ain separately chosen penchants. They need to hold the freedom to take what is of import to make and so hold the assurance to move on what they have chosen ( Porras & A ; Thompson, 2007 ) . Fullan ( 2008 ) noted that the solution to over-taxed administrative duties is â€Å" non to unfetter the principal to move autonomously, but instead to enable focussed coherence † ( p. 13 ) in their actions. One facet of this coherence is to prosecute instructors at high degrees in the mission of the school, a key to efficaciously pull offing schools. Teacher battle is critical to school betterment, measured by the three dimensions of schoolroom instruction and acquisition: a ) teacher-student relationships, B ) pedagogical patterns, and degree Celsius ) teacher relationships with the organisation ( Lesko, 1986 ) . The principal is expected to take schools where his or her instructors are given the chance to prosecute in action research on a sustained footing in a collaborative environment. â€Å" The leader ‘s map is to supply chances for instructors to work together in self-managing squads to better their ain direction, ever with the outlook for improved acquisition † ( DuFour, et al. , 2005, p.147 ) . In a sense, this transportations leading for larning to and raises the battle of the instructor. The relationship between engaged instructor leaders and pupil accomplishment is profound and important ( DuFour, et al. , 2005 ) . Gordon noted that there are organisational barriers to raising teacher battle degrees such as a ) association understandings, B ) school board mandates, degree Celsius ) limited learning schemes, vitamin D ) pupil agendas, and vitamin E ) yesteryear patterns ; those established patterns non portion of formal understandings. These barriers can and make impact the instructor ‘s â€Å" emotional fond regard to their occupation, co-workers, and organisation † ( Scarlett, 2011 ) . It is critical, hence, to concentrate on increasing instructor battle ( Gordon, 2006 ) in order to raise school public presentation. Gordon observed that the literature on raising public presentation through raising employee battle in the workplace is plentiful in business-oriented literature. Gordon continued to detect that raising the degree of employees ‘ battle is non yet as influential in educational scenes as it is in the workplace ; nevertheless, the attempt to prosecute instructors is deriving land. Research has studied the features of the best employees for decennaries. As more surveies of the features of the best instructor continue to emerge, a similarity is that they have a high degree of battle ( Gordon, 2006 ) . Buckingham and Coffman ( 1999 ) touted the importance of holding extremely engaged employees, and organisations like Gallup, the Harvard Business School, the Albert Shanker Institute, and the Academy of Human Resource Development have each noted the positive economic impact of occupied workplaces. Odell ( 2007 ) showed that companies with the highest per centum of occupied workers experience greater net income. â€Å" In a 12-month survey across 50 companies: companies with the highest per centum of occupied workers had a 19 % addition in runing incomes and a 28 % addition in net incomes per portion † ( p. 1 ) . Statisticss like this spring increased inducement to find whether the degree of principals ‘ perceptual experiences of best patterns in concern direction has any impact on instructor battle. Building on the work of infinite business-oriented surveies, this survey will analyze specific patterns that have been identified and shown to raise concern unit public prese ntation and examine principals ‘ perceptual experiences as to whether these same patterns may impact teacher battle in a positive mode.Need for the StudyParents, irrespective of socio-economic or cultural background, want to direct their kids to schools committed to excellence ( Beare, et al. , 1990 ) . Every instructor longs for the professional energy of working in an environment of educational excellence ( McEwan, 2002 ) . Principals dream of taking a community of scholars committed to excellence ( Whitaker, 2003 ) . Overseers, school board members, policy shapers, even existent estate agents all imagine that their communities will be led by schools of excellence ( Fullan, 1993 ) . The hunt for schools of differentiation is a regular portion of eternal conversations about pupil acquisition ( Sparks, 2007 ) . No Child Left Behind statute law has forced schools to a ) examine trial tonss, B ) survey instructor methodological analysis, degree Celsius ) research course of study enterprises, vitamin D ) observe instructional focal point, vitamin E ) investigate edifice agendas, and degree Fahrenheit ) consider multiple informations from a assortment of beginnings. It has besides required the reappraisal and survey of patterns of every constituent that comprises the makeup of schools ( Pa. Dept. of Ed. , 2009 ) . The high force per unit area, high bets environments within schools can impede attitudes and perceptual experiences doing many to rethink the profession ( Gordon, 2006 ) . The demands on principals continue to spread out as the hunt for patterns that will better pupil larning intensifies ( Gordon, 2006 ) . Stronge ( 1988 ) found that a typical principal ‘s twenty-four hours was characterized by multiple managerial undertakings and diverse maps, including a ) clerical, B ) budgetary, and degree Celsius ) other generalist undertakings. At that clip, Stronge stated that change overing principals into instructional leaders would necessitate a drastic function redefinition. Since Stronge ‘s research in his 1988 paper, principals ‘ preparation and support have since shifted off from direction to instructional leading. Instructional leading has become the focal point of a ) seminars, B ) doctorial plans, degree Celsiuss ) national organisations that support instruction, vitamin D ) literature, vitamin E ) professional diaries and vitamin D ) province statute law mandating go oning instruction preparation for principals ( Hallinger, 2003 ) . The managerial undertakings that Stronge mentions, nevertheless, have non disappeared, and today, some chief preparation plans exclude m anagerial preparation. The twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours direction of edifices still exists ( Stronge, 2008 ) . Through the Gallup Corporation, research workers like Buckingham and Coffman ( 1999 ) and Harter, et Al. ( 2009 ) have studied high executing work topographic points for old ages. Business literature has documented the positive public presentation impact of holding engaged employees. Gordon noted that there has been small involvement in developing resources to analyze occupied schools. Reeves ( 2008 ) proposed a new model that would advance effectual alteration through raising the degree of teacher leading and stated that instructors must be actively engaged in prosecuting additions in pupil acquisition. Marzano, et Al. ( 2005 ) and Whitaker ( 2003 ) have documented that the patterns exhibited by principals make a difference in raising pupil public presentation. This education-based literature gives limited attending to outdo patterns in concern direction. Has the good displacement of focal point onto best patterns in instructional leading moved principals ‘ preparation excessi vely far off from best patterns in direction as described in business-oriented literature? In today ‘s educational environment, every advantage, no affair how little, is pursued in order to give schools increased pupil public presentation ; hence, are at that place concern direction patterns implemented by principals that impact instructors ‘ battle degree that would so ensue in improved pupil public presentation? The research worker in this survey will analyze chief perceptual experiences of best concern direction patterns in operating schools and analyze the impact of these perceptual experiences on overall instructor battle.Statement of the ProblemBusinesss expend considerable resources in order to develop occupied employees. Buckingham noted that an increased degree of employee battle drives up a ) public presentation, B ) productiveness, degree Celsius ) client satisfaction and vitamin D ) reduces turnover of single concern units. Therefore, would at that place be similar result on improved acquisition when instructors are more extremely engaged? Buckingha m attributes the success for raising employee battle straight to the director. Whitaker ( 2003 ) has shown that the best principals are taking schools to better pupil larning. Therefore, will the actions of the principal thrust up the degree of instructor battle, holding a coincident positive impact of pupil public presentation? The research worker in this survey assessed the principals ‘ perceptual experiences of concern direction patterns and their impact on instructor battle.Definition of footingsSeveral definitions are necessary to clear up points for depicting this survey sing chief patterns, teacher battle and pupil public presentation. These operational definitions will be referenced throughout this survey. Adequate Yearly Progress ( AYP ) . A signaling system bespeaking whether schools are on path to learn all pupils what they need to cognize each school twelvemonth ( Education Trust, 2004 ) . Business Management Practices. Evidence and experimental patterns that can be imitated, adapted, and continually improved to increase a ) public presentation, B ) productiveness, and degree Celsius ) profitableness ( Welch & A ; Welch, 2005 ) . Business Units. The lowest institutional member of the corporation changing from industry to industry: for banking, it is a subdivision ; for cordial reception it is a eating house or a hotel ; for fabricating it is a mill ; and so on ( Buckingham and Coffman, 1999 ) . Effective Schools. A school characterized by a ) strong administrative leading, B ) effectual direction for ALL kids, degree Celsius ) an orderly ambiance, vitamin D ) larning taking precedency over all other activities, vitamin E ) reallocation of resources to farther cardinal aims, and degree Fahrenheit ) frequent monitoring of pupil advancement ( Edmonds, 1979 ) . Engaged Employees. â€Å" A measureable grade of an employee ‘s positive or negative emotional fond regard to their occupation, co-workers, and organisation which deeply influences their willingness to larn and execute at work † ( Scarlett, 2011 ) . Engaged Teachers. Measured by the three dimensions of schoolroom instruction and acquisition: a ) teacher-student relationships, B ) pedagogical patterns, and degree Celsius ) instructor dealingss with the organisation of learning ( Lesko, 1986 ) and a procedure, analogue to student battle, in which the instructor is consciously cognizant of his or her function in the acquisition procedure ( Kennedy, 1998 ) . Leadership. The act of supplying counsel and supervising to subsidiaries while originating new constructions, processs, and ends ( Sergiovanni, 2000 ) . Moral Purpose. Principled behavior connected to something greater than 1s self that relates to human or societal development ( Fullan, 2003 ) . No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) . A reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 intended to shut the accomplishment spread with answerability, flexibleness, and pick. ( US Dept. of Ed, 2002 ) . Pennsylvania System of School Assessment ( PSSA ) . A standards-based, criterion-referenced appraisal used to mensurate a pupil ‘s attainment of the academic criterions while besides finding the grade to which school plans enable pupils to achieve proficiency of the criterions ( Pa. Dept. of Ed. , 2012 ) . Principal. The person who is charged with the duties to a ) direct, B ) operate, and degree Celsius ) administer the activities of a school ( The Pennsylvania Code Online ) . Chief patterns. The manner in which principals allocate their attending across major countries of duty, the extent to which principals emphasize different countries of duty in different contexts, and the extent to which personal, single properties affect how principals allocate their clip and attending ( Camburn, 2008 ) . Site-Leadership. A procedure to transform schools into communities where the appropriate people participate constructively in major determinations that affect them ( Elmore, 2000 ) . Sustainability. â€Å" The capacity of a system to prosecute in the complexnesss of uninterrupted betterment consistent with deep values of human intent † ( Fullan, 2005, p. nine ) . Trial Cycles. The one-year procedure of finishing province required testing ( PA Department of Education ) . Transformational Leadership. Style of leading in which the leader identifies a ) the needful alteration, B ) creates a vision to steer the alteration through inspiration, and degree Celsius ) executes the alteration with the committedness of the members of the group ( Kotter & A ; Cohen, 2002 ) .RestrictionsThis survey surveyed and interviewed principals from cardinal Pennsylvania and asked the same principals to react to open-ended inquiries. The little figure of school territories included and the little participant pool may impact the findings of this survey. The study was completed electronically and could hold been impacted by the web administrative scenes at each respondent ‘s school. The interviews of these principals could hold been impacted by attitudes ensuing from current complicated issues happening at their specific schools, such as a ) altering course of study, B ) rapid alterations in demographics, degree Celsius ) decrease of support for specialised plans, vitam in D ) decrease in staffing, vitamin E ) increasing registration, degree Fahrenheit ) alterations in attending boundaries, g ) retirements of cardinal forces, and H ) curtailment of support from outside bureaus like Intermediate Units. Other restrictions may hold occurred if excessively many a ) schemes, B ) plans, and degree Celsius ) enterprises were implemented at the same time, therefore interfering with the ability to place specific plans that impact pupil public presentation and school clime. Finally, the degree of experience and preparation of the principal in instructional leading and concern direction may hold significantly influenced the informations and its correlativities to teacher battle. This may hold caused trouble in accurately analysing the informations and could hold led to inaccurate correlativities impacting teacher battle. The everyday activities of the topics in this survey were minimally interrupted. Each topic was asked to constructively analyse their apprehension of concern patterns and their sensed efficaciousness in impacting the degree of teacher battle. Principals who agreed to take part in this survey could hold felt a sense of insecurity since they might presume that non using these patterns may act upon them in a negative manner. There was minimum hazard to topics due to the confidential nature of the survey, the namelessness of the study participants, and the confidentiality protocols put in topographic point to guarantee the namelessness of the interviewees.Research QuestionsThe intent of this survey was to analyze principals ‘ perceptual experiences of concern leading patterns and their impact on instructor battle. Surveies, unfastened ended responses, and interviews with principals were used to garner perceptual experience informations. The undermentioned inquiries guided this surv ey: What concern direction patterns do principals happen valuable to raising the degree of instructor battle? What does the principal do to implement his or her top five concern direction patterns in order to raise the degree of instructor battle? From the principal ‘s position, how does teacher engagement impact pupil public presentation?DrumheadThe hunt for activities and actions that will give schools public presentation advantages on standardised trials is continuously spread outing. Over the last 20 old ages, much has been written about the principal ‘s function as instructional leader. From Blase to Fullan, from Lambert to Lezotte, from Marzano to McEwen, Reeves, Schmoker, Sergiovanni, Stronge, and Whitaker all have called principals to greater functions in instructional leading. However, during that same timeline, much has been left unexpressed about principals ‘ function in effectual direction of their assigned school. Concurrently, an detonation of research and Hagiographas related chiefly to the concern community has clarified the actions, beliefs, and schemes of best directors. Blanchard, Buckingham, Coffman, Collins, Gordon, Kotter, Lencioni, Maxwell, Porras, Rath, Welch and many others have fille d the shelves of book shop concern subdivisions with information about excellence in direction. This survey analyzed principals ‘ perceptual experiences of concern direction patterns that have been shown to raise employee battle and when implemented in schools ; their sensed impact on instructor battle.